My Most Embarrassing Moment - Personal Narrative Essay

My Most Embarrassing Moment - Personal Narrative Ding! Ding! Ding! It was everywhere, pen, pencil, papers, rubbers, sharpeners and games. I woke up in a room which looked like a recycling truck. I was so hooked up with my homework and playing my games to the next level that I didn’t even know that I went to sleep. I wasn’t in the mood to go to school. I just wanted to wake up when I wanted to, eat ice cream for breakfast, complete all my games, watch films and then go to bed when I got tired. But that never happened. My name is Mathulan and I go to the Heathland School. I also have a little brother Kohulan, he is the most annoying boy ever, and he tricks me and gets me into places where I fell like†¦show more content†¦I scampered to the basement, fiddled inside the dirty basket but couldn’t find it. â€Å"Check in the dirty basket,† yelled mum. So again I looked inside, I was in an immense rush so I just heaved out everything three or four at a time all over the floor when I reached the bottom of the basket, where the uniform was cluttered. I was wondering what idiot would put my washed clothes back into the dirty basket right at the bottom. â€Å"KOHULAN!† I had no time to find him and punch him; I had to pack my bag, after wasting that entire time finding my uniform and I only had 10 minutes. I plonked my uniform on when I came to a situation where I was scuttling around the whole house once again searching for my bag. I asked my brother but he didn’t say anything; just that I had to feed the dog. I was in a rush; I just poured some dog food onto a pot and left it under the table leaving the dog to come and find it. As he got up and ran for the food there I spotted in his basket a flat, Nike, blue bag. I was thinking, what bamboozle would do such a thin g, putting my bag under the dog. â€Å"KOHULAN!† It was too late to beat him up; but he was in the shower. It was strange; he was actually going to be late for the first time to school. I was now relaxed so I sat down, was finishing my breakfast, but it then came to myShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Old Neighborhood1153 Words   |  5 PagesSep14th, 2015 Personal Narrative 2 My Old Neighborhood Have you ever looked back to a something that you did in your neighborhood when you were child? Generally, when we just look back to a something that we did when we were child we have a strength feeling, and just starting to ask ourselves why we did that and how we did that. Most likely we cannot find answers to our questions because we cannot think how and why we acted childlike behavior after we became adult. 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Mobile Marketing - 8047 Words

Research Marketing Marketing Research Primer Report Research Team Katharine Nester +44 (0) 207 808 7838 knester@firstpartner.net Marketing: Mobile Channel September 2003 Mobile Marketing A Primer Report †¦At last an effective marketing Kurt Lyall +44 (0) 207 808 7838 klyall@firstpartner.net Putting your message in their pocket Executive Summary Mobile marketing is more than a trendy new media channel; it is a powerful communication tool with considerable audience reach and awareness. Over 85% of the population in the UK use a mobile phone and 80% across Western Europe. With such high penetration, mobile marketing campaigns can reach all audience demographics (over 70% penetration in all the age ranges up to 64 years of age). The†¦show more content†¦The term ‘mobile marketing’ covers a broad range of formats in which the target audience interacts with a campaign using their mobile phone. We have defined 4 broad groups of format within this primer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 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Audit Plan and Organizational Strategy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Audit Plan and Organizational Strategy. Answer: Rich picture of the Relationship between the Knowledge Audit plan and Organizational Strategy: Synopsis: Knowledge audit is the process of assessment of the information imparted by the person or process. It also evaluates the organizational strategy. Auditing of knowledge gives the organizational head the list of requirements that would be needed for obtaining better results and also enhances the skills of the employees (Oerlemans, Knoben and Pretorius 2013). Knowledge auditing has a direct relationship with organizational strategy. Auditing of the knowledge plan provides clear perception of the level of understanding of the employees and additionally it also brought in the concept of knowledge inventory which would prove to be beneficial for the employees as well as the organization in the long run (Jones and Sallis 2013). Critique: The article is written by the authors is a lucid language and the content is discussed in a simple and approachable way. The authors have clearly mentioned the advantages of knowledge audit plan and how those plans can affect the organizational strategies. Reflection: The authors have clearly explained the purpose and plan of the knowledge auditing process which gave me a clear perception of the need of knowledge auditing. Auditing of knowledge is basically performed to identify the knowledge needed by the organization so as to reach the goal and also enhance the performance of the employees. They also provided a clear explanation of the process of knowledge auditing. I also understood that the company needs to analyze what the company should know and what the company knows. If there is a mismatch between these criterias then the company evaluates some conditions such as: what the company can do to enhance the knowledge and what the strategies that the company should follow. Thus, I understood that there is a clear relationship between knowledge auditing and organizational strategy. It also enabled me to analyse the knowledge flows within the organization so as to assess people and the business process. Thus, the articles gave a clear perception o n how the auditing of knowledge can lead to the development of the organization as well as that it provides various benefits to the organization as well. The article also helped me to analyse the knowledge flows within the organization so as to assess people and the business process. It also brought to my information that a knowledge inventory would prove to be beneficial for the employees and also for the organization in the long run. References: Jones, G. and Sallis, E., 2013.Knowledge management in education: Enhancing learning education. Routledge. Oerlemans, L.A., Knoben, J. and Pretorius, M.W., 2013. Alliance portfolio diversity, radical and incremental innovation: The moderating role of technology management.Technovation,33(6-7), pp.234-246.

Responsibilities for Fraud Detection and Prevention

Introduction According to Peltz Bart (2009), a recently conducted survey by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners gives a suggestion that the business organizations do have more reason to have much concern over fraud than ever before.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Responsibilities for Fraud Detection and Prevention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But on the other, the survey also indicated that the causes of the fraud can be understood and this problem can be dealt with effectively. It is pointed out that in the year 2008, the fraud cost 994 USD to the American businesses and this figure represents 7% of the total revenues (Peltz Bart, 2009). These researchers further point out that â€Å"as disturbing as those aggregates are, they do not fully convey the impact to a business from an incident† (Peltz Bart, 2009, p.2). A large number of business organizations under no circumstances rec over from the damage. Taking appropriate measures to prevent crime is of great interest to the privately owned business organizations. The businesses that are small and medium in size are mostly susceptible. Such businesses incur bigger losses on the basis of â€Å"per incident† as compared to the business organizations that are large in size. And since there can be wiping out of equity before the unsecured debt as well as lender interests, â€Å"equity interests are the most exposed stakeholders† ((Peltz Bart, 2009, p.2). The cost of fraud to companies or business organizations is immense. The question that has been raised after the occurrence of fraud has been; why did the auditors not see the problem of fraud well in advance?  A sensible answer to this question is that those who engage in committing the fraud were intelligent enough to cover up the fraud. However, in the actual sense, as Omowumi (2010) points out, â€Å"on an increasing level, the blame has been directed towards the auditors which is, most of the time, an indication of â€Å"lack of understanding as to what the role of the auditors should be, but has the auditor’s role changed?† (Omowumi, 2010, p.71).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Considering the fact that the cost of fraud to businesses is quite huge, it is therefore vital to come up with strategies that will facilitate fraud detection and prevention. Putting in to consideration the high public expectations for auditors due to the occurrence of the savings as well as loans scandals, the question that is presented in this paper is what the responsibilities are of the auditors and management. In this paper, the definition of fraud is going to be given and the cost of fraud to businesses is going to be considered. This will be followed by a review of literature on the responsibilities for fra ud detection and prevention in order to find answers to the research question. Defining Fraud In then course of the recent years, the level of fraud has remarkably increased and the professionals hold a belief that there is likelihood that this trend will continue even in the future (Oyinlola, 2010). Before continuing with the discussion, it is very important to look at the definition of the term ‘Fraud’. There are several definitions for this term. One of them is given in the Webster’s Dictionary in which fraud is defined as â€Å"the international deception to cause a person to give up property or some lawful right† (Fraud, 2012, p.1). According to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, occupational fraud is defined as, â€Å"the use of one’s occupation for personal enrichment through the deliberate misuse or misapplication of employing organization’s resources or assets†(ACFE, 2008, p.1).Advertising We will write a custo m research paper sample on Responsibilities for Fraud Detection and Prevention specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the researchers cited in this paper, Omowumi (2010) ,gives the definition of fraud as â€Å"an act of deliberate deception with the intention of gaining some benefit† (Omowumi, 2010, p.71). All these definition point to one thing; that fraud involves theft. In this paper, the interest is in that fraud whose detection may be carried out by the auditors and managers. The Cost of Fraud to Businesses and offenders It is actually hard to give out the estimate of the cost of fraud to business for the reason that there is no discovering of all frauds committed, there is no reporting of all the frauds exposed, and there is no pursing of civil as well as criminal actions at all times. Preventing and Detecting fraud (2009) points out that, basing on the study that was conducted in 2008, it was indicated that 7 percent of the total revenues in organizations would be lost as a consequence of committing fraud. Omowumi (2010) points out that the available data indicate that the overall cost of fraud is more than two times â€Å"the amount of missing money or assets† (Omowumi, 2010, p. 73). While technology advances and computerized systems turn out to be more complex, the expected cost of fraud likewise become complex. It is interesting to find out that it is that employee in a company who is the most trusted and valued that generally engage in the committing of the business fraud. In a large number of cases, those who engage in the committing of fraud do not consider stealing from their company as being a harmful practice.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They may hold it that the crime they commit is one that has no victims and they do not look at the theft they engage in as being costly to the company. A large number of frauds come about for the reason that there is an opportunity and the people who commit the crime has an idea that he or she will not be caught. In a large number of instances, the one committing fraud does not have or has very little ‘criminal self concept’ and consider violations as being part of his or her work. The offenders normally try as much as possible to minimize their crime because the crime brings about minor losses for a big volume of customers. There is no targeting of one particular customer for the crime (Omowumi, 2010). The Responsibilities for Fraud Detection and prevention According to Omowumi (2010), the auditor has the responsibility â€Å"to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether c aused by error or fraud† (Omowumi, 2010, p.73). Because of the audit evidence nature and fraud characteristic, the auditor is in a position to get reasonable, but not complete, guarantee that there is detection of material misstatements (Omowumi, 2010; Akinwolemiwa, 2009). For a long time, detection of fraud has been regarded as being a major reason for auditing. But there has been no clear definition of the auditor’s role from the beginning. A review of the historical development of the responsibility of the auditors in fraud detection and reporting over years was carried out by Porter (1997). This researcher’s study gives an indication that there is an assessment of auditing practices and change in auditing concept through several stages. According to Stirbu, Moraru, Farcane, Blidisel Popa (2009), Porter study gives a revelation that the basic goal of â€Å"an audit in the pre-1920’s phase was to uncover fraud† (Stirbu, Moraru, Farcane, Blidisel Popa, 2009, p.56). However, it is pointed out that by the 1930’s, the basic goal of an audit had shifted to accounts verification (Stirbu, et al, 2009). This change is highly likely to have been brought about by the increase in the volume as well as the size of the transactions of business organizations which consequently caused it to be not likely that the auditors could carry out the evaluation of all transactions. In the course of this period, the profession of auditing started to present claims that the fraud detection responsibilities lay in the hands of the management. Moreover, management is supposed to as well have carried out the implementation of suitable internal control systems in order to ensure prevention of fraud in their organizations (Stirbu, et al, 2009). In the course of the 1960s, there was general discontent among the public and the media that the auditors were not willing to accept the responsibilities of fraud detection. The audit helpfulness was const antly called in to question as, in general terms, did not succeed in exposing fraud (Stirbu, et al, 2009). However, in spite of the prevailing criticism, the auditors went on minimizing the significance of the role they played in fraud detection by making an emphasis that the responsibility was in the hands of the management (Stirbu, et al, 2009). In the course of the 1980s, with advancement in technology, the complexity and volume of incidents of fraud have posed severe problems for businesses†( Stirbu, et al, 2009, p.57). Although determination has been carried out of the case law that in particular situations auditors have the responsibility of fraud detection, attempts have been made by the courts to ensure maintaining of the responsibilities of the auditors within logical limits. (Stirbu, et al, 2009). On the contrary, an argument is presented by Boynton, Johnson Kell (2005) that, beginning from the time of the fall of Enron, there has been refurbishing of the auditing s tandards to re-emphasize the duties of auditors in fraud detection. The assertion these researchers make is based on ISA 315 and ISA 240. ISA 315 calls for the auditors to carry out the evaluation of the efficiency of â€Å"an entity’s risk management framework in preventing misstatements, whether through fraud or otherwise, in the course of audit† (Stirbu, et al, 2009, p.57). According to Boynton et al (2005), formerly, this requirement did not exist. These researchers go ahead to present an explanation that such an evaluation was needed previously just at a time they made a choice to rely on that framework and to ensure reduction of the audit investigation extent (Boynton et al). Moreover, the members of staff involved in an audit are required to engage in communicating their findings among themselves in order to avoid situations in which the staff members, operating in an independent manner on their individual sections of the audit, have not been able to appreciate the importance of evidently small irregularities which, if brought together, assume a more threatening sense. In addition, Boynton et al (2005) present a claim that auditors are supposed to be more practical in their search for fraud in the course of carrying out an audit basing on ISA 240. The auditors’ responsibilities now encompass having consideration of opportunities and motivations offered to prospective fraudsters, and also rationalizations that a fraud activity is warranted. There are as well expectations about the auditors to engage in making inquiries more intimately into motivating factors that contribute to issues such as; occurrence of mistakes in accounting estimates, â€Å"unusual transactions that appear to lack business rationale, and reluctance to correct immaterial errors discovered by the audit† (Stirbu, et al, 2009, p.57). According to Omowumi (2010), even if the public have constant expectations of auditors to expose fraud, they do not have specif ic duty of detecting fraud since heavy dependence is put on the management to offer documentation and information; the frauds which are small are hard for the auditors to detect, especially if they are being committed by more than a single key staff member within the company. It is pointed out that there is maintaining of the ‘International ‘ standard that the mandate of the auditor may call for him to take cognizance and engage in reporting issues which come to his attention in carrying out his tasks, which relate to â€Å"compliance with legislative or regulatory requirement, adequacy of accounting and control system, viability of economic activities, programs and projects† (Omowumi, 2010, p.73). Of late, a view has come up in which it is emphasized that the auditors are supposed to play a more significant and direct role in setting up good governance, in case this implies having expectation of them to cross the set up boundaries of legitimate audit functions, à ¢â‚¬Å"it would be stretching the string too far, without gaining anything positive and substantial† (Omowumi, 2010, p.73). The only available option then is to make the auditors to have a feeling of being more careful and dutiful and thus, becoming more effective, at the same time confining themselves to â€Å"their term of reference† (Omowumi, 2010, p.73). Conclusion The level of fraud in the business organizations has been ever increasing and a belief is held among the professionals that this level is likely going to go on increasing. The cost of fraud to the business organizations as well as to the public can only be approximated, since a large number of fraud cases go unreported. However, the current statistics give an indication of the enormous values that are linked to fraud. In addition, with advancement in technology which involves use of computers in organizations may make these organizations to be more prone to fraud. In order to deal with the problem of fraud , there must be exertion of a joint effort by the management of the business organizations, the auditors as well as the employees in these organizations. Each and every person has to come to a realization that fraud is not a crime that has no victims. The cost that arises following committing of fraud is shared by all people through higher costs as well as through reduced business profits. By putting sufficient internal controls in place by the management, as well as favourable working conditions for the workers, stricter requirement for the auditors and also putting in place codes of ethics for the workers in the organization, every person can begin to fight frauds in the business organization. References Akinwolemiwa, C. G (2009). The auditors’ responsibility to consider fraud in an audit of financial statement. The Nigerian accountant-Institute of chartered Accountant of Nigeria journal, 2(1), 57-64. Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (2008). 2008 Report to the Natio n: Occupational Fraud and Abuse. Austin, TX: ACFE. Boynton, W., Johnson, R. Kell, W. (2005). Assurance and the integrity of financial  reporting. New York, NY: John Wiley Son, Inc.  Fraud, (2012). Retrieved from http://dictionary.webster.us/fraud Omowumi, A. O. (2010). The changing responsibilities of auditors in detection and prevention of business frauds within a challenging environment in Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 1(2), 71 – 75. Oyinlola, A. O. (2010). The role of auditors in fraud detection, prevention and reporting in Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1 (1), 517. Peltz,S. Bart. D.P. (2009). The threat within: employee fraud detection and prevention. Web. Porter, B. (1997). Auditors’ responsibilities with respect to corporate fraud: a controversial issue. London, England: Paul Chapman Publishing. Preventing and detecting fraud in not-for-profit organizations. (2009). New York, NY: Keller Owens. Stirbu, D., Moraru, M., Farcane, N. Blidisel, R. Popa, A. (2009). Fraud and error auditors’ responsibility levels. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 11(1), 2009. This research paper on Responsibilities for Fraud Detection and Prevention was written and submitted by user Natalya E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Macbeth Responsibility Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Responsibility William Shakespeare's Macbeth is a tragedy about a war hero named Macbeth, who follows his ambition with evil and who is repaid with evil. Macbeth has influenced many works of literature through its conflicts between good and evil; heroes and villains; loyalty and treachery; and ambition and morality. In the story, Macbeth is ultimately responsible for the actions that lead to his fate. Although the witches' predictions are responsible for influencing Macbeth's thoughts, no one tells Macbeth to kill Duncan. Macbeth is responsible for putting power into the hands of Lady Macbeth and letting her influence him. Finally, Macbeth acknowledges his guilt of wrongdoing and is thereby responsible for his actions. Macbeth's ambitions spur him on to follow an unstated yet clearly understood plan to kill Duncan. Although the witches' predictions initiate Macbeth's desire to become king, no one tells him to kill Duncan. When the second prophecy becomes a reality, Macbeth immediately thinks of murdering Duncan. "I am of Cawdor: / If good, why do I yield to that suggestion / Whose image doth unfix my hair" (I, iii, 143-145). For the first time in the story, we see a dark side to the brave and courageous Macbeth. Macbeth sees himself kill his ruler. Macbeth is horrified by the idea but his thoughts of going after his destiny still remain. Another example of Macbeth's early thoughts of treachery occurs when Duncan formally names his son Malcom as his successor. "Stars, hide your fires; / Let not light see my black and deep desires: / The eye wink at the hand! yet let that be, /" (I, iv, 57-59). Macbeth is vexed at the Duncan's choice of successor and wishes to overleap the situation with murder. No one helps Macbeth's thoughts to prepare for the murder of Duncan. It is Macbeth and Macbeth only who is responsible for his own ambitions. Macbeth is eager to become king and wishes to reach his goal by any means, even if this means letting himself be influenced by others. Macbeth is responsible for putting power into the hands of Lady Macbeth and letting her influence him. Lady Macbeth tries to persuade Macbeth to kill Duncan but it is Macbeth who listens to her demands. "This night's great business into my dispatch; / Which shall to all our nights and days to come / Give solely sovereign sway and masterdom" (I, v, 75-77). Macbeth could have told his Lady to stop her plans. Instead, he lets himself be influenced. Macbeth puts power into the hands of Lady Macbeth by letting her arrange Duncan's murder. "Will it not be received, / When we have mark'd with blood those sleepy two / Of his own chamber, and used their very daggers, / That they have done't?" (I, vii, 82-85). Macbeth agrees with the plan, determined to win the throne. If Macbeth truly did not want to commit evil, he could have refused his Lady's arrangements. Instead, Macbeth accepts the plans and goes further by asking Lady Macbeth to "mock the time with fairest show" (I, vii, 91). Although sometimes Macbeth wants the murder of Duncan, other times his thoughts show the contrary. Macbeth recognizes the thoughts of killing Ducan are immoral. Macbeth's is conscious that is thoughts are evil, yet he does nothing to correct the situation. "My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, / Shakes so my single state of man that function / Is smother'd in surmise; and nothing is / But what is not" (I, iii, 149-152). If Macbeth were mentally deranged he would not be responsible for the outcome of his actions. However, Macbeth shows that he has a conscience and that he can differentiate good from evil. In privacy, Macbeth re-thinks his plans to kill Duncan. Macbeth, reveals that he knows what he is about to do is immoral, and that justice will be repay him with evil. "We still have judgment here; that we but teach Bloody instructions, which being taught return To plague the inventor: this even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poison'd chalice To our own lips. He's here in double trust: First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed: then, as his host, Who should against his murderer shut the door, Not bear the knife myself. Besides, this Duncan Hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been So clear in his great office, that his virtues Will plead like angel, trumpet-tongued, against The deep damnation of his taking off;" (I, vii, 8-20). Macbeth lists several reasons

Free Essays on The Abu Sayaff Group or ‘Bearer of the Sword’

History Started in 1991 when it split from the Moro National Liberation front. Based mostly in the Southern Islands of the Philippines, but they operated in Malaysia in 2000. They have many ties with Radical Islamic Organizations. Involved with Osama bin Laden and other major terrorists. Abduragak Abuakar Janalani was the leader and like Osama bin Laden, he was a veteran of the war in Afghanistan. He was killed in a gun fight by police in 1998. After a lot of deciding who would take over has leader after the death, Khadafy Janjalani, Abduragak’s younger brother took over. The young Islamic radicals that have been mostly recruited from high schools and universities. There are 200 core fighters and more than 2,000 supporters The group receives funding from robberies, piracy, and kidnappings. It is also believed that the organization receives funding from the international terrorist network of Osama bin Ladin. Smallest, but most radical Islamic group present in the world today. Activity Abu Sayyaf's activities include bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and extortion from companies and wealthy businessmen in order to attain their aims. First ever attack was throwing a bomb into a wharf that had a boat carrying Christian preachers. They have since bombed several Catholic churches in Zamboanga and Davao City, killing several people. In 1993, Abu Sayyaf gunmen kidnapped Charles Walton, a language researcher at the US-based Summer Institute of Linguistics. Walton was 61 and they released him after 23 days. In 1994, Abu Sayyaf militants kidnapped three Spanish nuns and a Spanish priest in separate incidents. In 1998, their victims included two Hong Kong men, a Malaysian and a Taiwanese grandmother. In April 1995 Abu Sayyaf carried out a vicious attack on the Christian town of Ipil in Mindanao. Gunmen razed the town center to the ground and shot 53 civilians a... Free Essays on The Abu Sayaff Group or ‘Bearer of the Sword’ Free Essays on The Abu Sayaff Group or ‘Bearer of the Sword’ History Started in 1991 when it split from the Moro National Liberation front. Based mostly in the Southern Islands of the Philippines, but they operated in Malaysia in 2000. They have many ties with Radical Islamic Organizations. Involved with Osama bin Laden and other major terrorists. Abduragak Abuakar Janalani was the leader and like Osama bin Laden, he was a veteran of the war in Afghanistan. He was killed in a gun fight by police in 1998. After a lot of deciding who would take over has leader after the death, Khadafy Janjalani, Abduragak’s younger brother took over. The young Islamic radicals that have been mostly recruited from high schools and universities. There are 200 core fighters and more than 2,000 supporters The group receives funding from robberies, piracy, and kidnappings. It is also believed that the organization receives funding from the international terrorist network of Osama bin Ladin. Smallest, but most radical Islamic group present in the world today. Activity Abu Sayyaf's activities include bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and extortion from companies and wealthy businessmen in order to attain their aims. First ever attack was throwing a bomb into a wharf that had a boat carrying Christian preachers. They have since bombed several Catholic churches in Zamboanga and Davao City, killing several people. In 1993, Abu Sayyaf gunmen kidnapped Charles Walton, a language researcher at the US-based Summer Institute of Linguistics. Walton was 61 and they released him after 23 days. In 1994, Abu Sayyaf militants kidnapped three Spanish nuns and a Spanish priest in separate incidents. In 1998, their victims included two Hong Kong men, a Malaysian and a Taiwanese grandmother. In April 1995 Abu Sayyaf carried out a vicious attack on the Christian town of Ipil in Mindanao. Gunmen razed the town center to the ground and shot 53 civilians a...

The author notes that there are three general strategies used by moral Essay

The author notes that there are three general strategies used by moral philosophers who wish to explain the sort of variation in moral codes discussed by Ruth Benedict. Which of - Essay Example One of the most important strategies that are used by moral philosophers is to look at the universal principles that seem to drive the activities of people. This can be done through a systematic analysis of cross-sections of people who would then provide frameworks that are followed on a general basis. This would then be accepted as the norm which would then be accepted as the bedrock of the society’s morality. Another strategy that is used is to provide the basis of morality and ethics in reason and the abilities of the individual to ascertain the suitability of a certain action. This was also to a great extent the result of the thought of Kant and other enlightenment philosophers who held reason to be the greatest defining feature of man and thought of it as being able to solve the greatest problems that mankind has when it comes to moral dilemmas. Another way in which the problem can be dealt with is to understand the relativity of morality when it comes to different communities and people. There are people who believe that there is no possibility of understanding any form of ultimate truths that may enable the laying of a framework that would be able to define acts that are committed in a moral way. This approach is termed as ethical scepticism. This approach made it possible for other approaches that did not argue for a monolithic view of morality, to flourish. Ethical relativism may be considered to be one of these approaches. It favors no particular code of morality over the other and recognizes the importance of the uniqueness of each culture and in some cases, each individual. Extremes of this approach may lead to problematic situations in a society. However, it is better placed than the other approaches that have been referred to in this essay to assess the moral codes of a society that is multicultural and multilingui stic in its

The Settling of the Frontier (US History) Assignment

The Settling of the Frontier (US History) - Assignment Example He fought well during the American Civil War and also helped win the Battle of Washita over the Cheyenne. Six years later, in the year 1874, he helped tap gold in the Black Hills and two years later led a force against the Sioux uprising. By the age of 23, he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-general. â€Å"He was a brave warrior and died a brave man.† (Low Dog, a Sioux warrior). The frontier period was one of the most important phases of American history that lead to the westward expansion of the country through the colonization of the Great West and ended in a war between the states. â€Å"We are great, and rapidly, I was about to say fearfully growing!† (Calhoun, 1817). Hollywood has chosen to glorify and thus distort this period from 1862-1900 as this most â€Å"rapid and effective period Americanization was also the meeting point between savagery and civilization.† (Frederick J. Turner, 2006). To portray the rejection of England in a new light and glorify the victory of America and its success in the double transformation of the society, Hollywood decided who the heroes and who the villains were and projected the frontier period as a pseudo reality. Its nature and mentality is akin to that of the frontier

Patient portal adoption challanges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Patient portal adoption challanges - Essay Example On the contrary, motivation based factors are the attitudes that the medical staff has towards the adoption of healthcare portals. In this context, the professionals complain that the portals are difficult to use, require more than enough training. Moreover, some have presumed that the portals are inappropriate for handling healthcare records while others simply state that they do not enjoy using the information systems. To some extent, the medical staffs are justified in their objection to patient portals since they require technical knowledge absent in most of the workers (Ronda, Dijkhorst-Oei, & Rutten, 2014). The use of a patient portal requires suffice skills on Information Technology as opposed to medical and health care knowledge. Security and privacy concerns have been some of the misgivings of information systems and given the nature of the systems, breaches can occur where stealing of personal data can be a huge set back to the adoption of the portals. Nonetheless, the privacy issue concerns sharing of critical information with the employer, a situation that has made many medical staffs be worried about the extent of personal information they leave feed into the system. Medical workers presume that too much personal information is compromising their relationships with their employers. LeRouge, C., Slyke, C., Seale, D & Wright, K. (September, 2014). Baby Boomers’ Adoption of Consumer Health Technologies: Survey on Readiness and Barriers. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 16(9). Retrieved from http://www.jmir.org/2014/9/e200/#table4 Ronda, M. C., Dijkhorst-Oei, L.-T., & Rutten, G. E. (2014). Reasons and Barriers for Using a Patient Portal: Survey Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(11), e263.

Cost Planning and Control in Construction

Cost Planning and Control in Construction The Cost Planning is a method of cost controlling the cost of a project within a pre-determined sum up to the tender stage. Cost Planning give advice to client how much will be project cost. As well, cost planning will advise when the expected expenses will most possible occur. Hence its important for get required project finance and for determining possible project profit. Therefore cost planning process essential to success of project. Methods of Estimating for Cost Planning There are some significant estimating methods uses in construction industry for Cost planning process. Those methods give preliminary estimate, hence Quantity Surveyor has to modify predetermine data considering the followings, such as , market conditions, Size, number of storeys, specification level, inclusions exclusions, service, site foundation conditions and other factors. Conference Estimating Method RIBA Stage A of Options Appraisal and stage B Design Brief, These method uses for preparation of the initial price estimate give to the client. It is based on a cooperative view of a group of persons, and not quantify in any particular way. Financial methods RIBA Stage A of Options Appraisal and stage B Design Brief, This method fixes a cost limit on the building design, according to the unit of accommodation or rental values. For example, Unit method   RIBA Stage A of Options Appraisal and stage B Design Brief, The unit method is multiplies desire standard unit of accommodation by an approximate cost per unit. Not required specific drawings, specifications, only the concept of the project relevant to the required function. For example: Schools costs per pupil enplace Hospitals costs per bed enplace Car parks cost per car space Estimate = Standard units  of accommodation x Cost per unit Cube method   Design Stage This is the superseded method because of inherent disadvantages; this method needs some sketch drawings, historical cost data, and also  important estimator experience. It is based on association between building volume and unit cost. For example: Superficial area method RIBA Stage B Strategic Briefing and also can be used for Stage C This is presently most common use method, its use for early price estimating purposes. The area of each of the floors multiplied by the cost per square meter. Mostly important Storey heights, plan shape and methods for when choose on the rate need be used. For example: Story enclosure unit method This technique use weightings for the estimating the building elements Elemental Cost estimating Detail Design Stage (Production information Stage F) This can use to establish the approximate cost of a construction project. It analyzes, the cost of the project on an elemental basis using from other similar projects. Also provides cost advice during the design process. Detail drawings are required. For example: Approximate Cost estimating Approximate quantities present additional detailed approximate estimate. No particular rules of  measurement exist, Also significantly more information is required from the designer.. For example: Resource analysis (Pre Construction Stage Tender Documentation -G) This method is traditionally adopted by contractors estimators to determine their individual rates for measured items in bills of quantities. All individual measured items are analyzed into its element parts such as labour, materials and plant. This method is not a pre-tender method of price prediction strictly. For example: Explain the pre-contract cost planning and cost controlling process with respect to the RIBA plan of work a client/ consultant may adopt during each stage What Is Pre-contract Cost Planning? Pre Cost planning is very important to successful planning, design and construction of projects and is aimed at providing best value solutions. Essentially it is a pre-costing method of a project. As well as Pre-estimation of a design proposal will give clear picture about the cost to the employer and design team to make decisions regarding the project to make sure value for money. Pre-Contract Cost Planning Process The pre-contract cost planning process according to the RIBA plan of work 1998; it can be described as follows. Graph 2.1 Pre-stage A (Establish the budget) Client is the appointing client management team (Consultants) such as, client representative, cost consultant, according to his requirements. Identify objectives, physical scope of project, standard of quality of building and services, timeframe and establishing the budget. Emphasis nature of clients problems and functional requirements on proposed project. Work Stage A (Options Appraisal) Consultant has to identify of client prerequisite and possible limitation on development and cost of the ideal solution. Prepare technical, functional and cost studies by consultant and then it should enable to the client to take decision on his project weather he can continue the first proposal or could do some changes to the first proposal etc. also select the possible procurement method. Work Stage B (Strategic Brief) Consultant has to prepare initial cost suggestion to the client based on an outline statement of clients needs, also to determine target cost. This establish an initial budget for client Client has to investigate availability of finance for the project and value of money framework. Pre Contract Cost Control Generally Pre contract cost controlling process is implement from this stage according to the RIBA work plan mentioned chart 1.2, Pre Contract Cost Control process give to ensure the cost of the project is within the clients budget or not. Hence pre contract cost control is very essential in a project since it is planning, design finalizing and tendering and selecting a suitable contractor too. Outline Proposals- Stage C Consultant involves preparing outline proposal and estimate of cost as initial cost plan. Investigate the site conditions and preliminary sketches for requirement of cost plan by consultant. Evaluate strategic brief through consideration of time, cost, risk and environmental issues. Establish design management procedures and prepare initial cost plan, project program, and cash flow. Detailed Proposals Stage D At this stage, consultant prepares full detailed proposals for the client, and also prepares firm cost plan detailed elemental cost plan etc. Clint tem evaluate outline proposals for make final decision, Receive design and cost input from client appointed team and extend detailed design solution. Development control submission. Review procurement advice. Final Proposals Stage E Consultant has to prepared final proposal for the project at this stage. Carry out cost check of the design as it develop against the cost plan, hence it Confirmation of the cost limits for the project. Most cost effective in satisfying level of project brief to confirm or put final budget and to check the elemental cost targets. Cost checks design against cost plan. Decide on procurement methods. Consultant, they attending to review design and cost plan. Consultant has to prepare all required submission for legal approvals. Production Information Stage F All legal approvals should have completed when at this stage. This is the assessment of lowest acceptable tender price based on completed contract documents. Ensure that the completed designs are controlled within the cost limits. Prepare all co-ordinate production information including location. Arrange bring together all component drawings, schedules and specifications. Supply all required information for final cost checks of design against cost plan. Explain the term life cycle costing and related terminology. Definition of the life cycle costing According to definition of Hoar and Norman (1990) appropriately defined the life cycle cost of an advantage as the present value of total cost of the asset over its operating life including initial capital costs, occupational costs, operating costs and the cost or benefit of the eventual disposal of the asset at the end of its life. Hence life cycle costing related with the time stream of costs and benefits that flow throughout the life of the project. There are number of term use in industry to identify different stages in the life cycle costing techniques, hence flowing are the specially use in construction industry. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) Quantity surveyor assist to prepare this, based on collection and analysis of historic data on actual costs of occupying building (running cost and performance). Life cycle cost management (LCCM) Actually it is derived from life cycle cost analysis and identities, by this way client can be compare building cost and controlling occupancy cost throughout the life of building to get maximum value. Life cycle planning (LCCP) This is as part of life cycle cost management; it is constitute the prediction of total costs of a building, part or individual element taking account of initial capital costs, subsequent running cost and residual values. Life cycle costing Terminology Explain the Quantity Surveyors role as a cost manager, in the life cycle of the project. Role of the Quantity Surveyor as a Cost Manager Quantity surveyor is the person/ firm who manage the cost relating to the construction projects, such as new constructions, maintenance work and renovations. Quantity surveyor monitors the cost of every aspects of a construction project as a cost manager, as well as seeks to minimize the costs of the project and to make more cost savings while ensuring the total cost of project does not exceed the estimated cost. Furthermore when study about Quantity Surveyors in Cost manger position also have to be identified their duties and Responsibilities properly. He should conducting feasibility studies and writing procurement reports at project inception stage. He should manage estimating and cost planning process and presenting the final cost plan. He should manage the procurement process, and make certain that all phases with pre-qualification, enquiry, analysis, selection and contract preparation are carried out effectively. Ensuring that post-contract cost variances and change control tasks are directed effectively. Involving with cost checking and valuation works to manage them effectively. Preparation of monthly post-contract cost reports and presenting them to the client. Preparation of value engineering and life cycle costing, and also final accounts negotiated and agreed process. Give leadership role mange the client and other consultants, at all project phases. Working with top managers and directors, and identify and performing new opportunities to improve the cost management procedures.

Why My Education Is Important

Why My Education is Important? I often dream about having a successful career in the business world, but to achieve this goal, I must have an education. Education is extremely important to me. In the business world, success depends on lots of knowledge. In my opinion, education is the foundation of life, and it also increases my knowledge around the world. However, the most important thing about education is that education opens up the window of opportunities. The world of business is a very complicated place in which to survive.For example; the stock market can change it's mood every single day. What I mean by that is, a stock can change its value at any moment. People who are involved in the stock market struggle between becoming poor or becoming rich. To be able always to stay on the winners side, I need lots of education. Education helps me to make good decisions in the business world and for my life. Not just in business, education will also benefit me throughout my life, person ally and socially. An education should help me to have less financial problems. It will enable me to become independent.My educational experiences have provided me with many opportunities to solve problems in every day life. The education which I have received in history classes,for instance, has provided me with cultural information from every country. I believe education will help to build a circle of people who will be important to me in my career in the future. In summary, why education is important to me? Education helps me to understand the business world. It prepares me for a better future and numerous other things of which at this time I am unaware.The most important reason education is so important to me is that education opens windows for me and it gives me opportunities for a better quality of life. My parents and many of my teachers (Mrs. Kirker, Coach Bowman and many more) care about my education. They explain why education is important to me almost every time they have a chance. As a responsible teenage adult, I need to focus on my education and elevate my educational level, so that my chances of having a difficult future will be less!

Importance of On the Job Training Essay

On the job Training are part of a college curriculum that aims to train and orient students about the work and their future career. OJT is very important not only to teach students their chosen career but to show students the reality about working. On the Job Training is very important and should not be taken for granted, here’s why: Aside from the high evaluation grade that you will receive from the employer, the employer may absorbed or offer you a job after graduation. Your background OJT experience is very important when applying a job. Employers often asked about the OJT experience and how it is related on the job that you are applying for. The OJT experience that you have can land you a great job. Especially in Media related jobs, most employers often asked and require an OJT experience from a media company. For instance, a news writer who is applying in a TV Network has great advantage if he/she has an OJT experience in a Media company like TV, Radio or Publishing. Your superior in the company that you are working for as an OJT may recommend your skills to the company affiliates or to other company that he/she knows. OJT will be your training ground. If you still have no idea on what is meant to be a worker, OJT will give you at least 10% of career realities. The company that you are currently applying in often makes a background check to successful applicants. If you have included your OJT adviser or employer in your character references, the company may contact them to ask information about your skills and knowledge as their student or intern. You can consider your OJT experience as your guide on your first days at work, especially if your OJT and current work are related. You can use your experience and observation as an OJT to your current job if you still have issues on adjustments. Most students have taken their OJT for granted; not realizing the importance it can bring on their future career. Having a good performance during OJT is very important especially now that there’s a tight competition towards job seekers and the high qualification of companies.

Leadership Is Having an Irrational Sense of Hope Essays

Leadership Is Having an Irrational Sense of Hope Essays Leadership Is Having an Irrational Sense of Hope Essay Leadership Is Having an Irrational Sense of Hope Essay NANYANG BUSINESS SCHOOL MBA 2012-2013 TRIMESTER 1 B6018 LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Course Coordinator/Instructor: Assoc. Prof Lim Beng Chong Office: S3-B2B-63 / E-mail : [emailprotected] edu. sg Class Schedule: Wed evenings 6:15pm 9:30 pm (or Saturday mornings 9:00 am -12:00 noon for extra/postponed sessions) Class Venue: NTU @ one-north SR 502 COURSE DESCRIPTION A leader is a man (woman) who has the ability to get people to do what they don’t want to do, and like it – Harry S. Truman (1954) Few organization and management issues have attracted as much interest and research work as leadership. From politics to the business world to military institutions, people are always searching for that someone, whom they called LEADER, to lead and inspire the people to achieve success or to bring about change. So what is leadership? There are many definitions of leadership in organizations. Almost every author of books has one. Bass (1990), after reviewing the literature, suggests that there are at least 12 different approaches to the definition. What is your definition of leadership? What type of leader are you? How can you be a better leader to your work team or organization? I hope you will begin to think about these questions as you embark on your leadership journey with me in this course. Essentially, effective leaders are those who can mobilize others to get extraordinary or exceptional things done in their work teams or organizations. In today’s organizations, managers are not only responsible for the planning, organizing and controlling functions in their work teams or organizations; they have to accomplish these goals by leading their people. Hence, their success as managers is dependent on their ability to motivate and inspire others. In other words, being leaders of their people. From this perspective, success and failure as managers rest squarely on the ability of the managers to understand and manage people at work. Therefore, critical to leadership success is a good knowledge of managing people in organizations or a good grounding in the fundamentals of work behaviour in organizations. Given the above, this course will bring together the leadership literature and the insights on human nature at work from Organization Behaviour. The learning objectives are: Increase participants’ understanding of people at work as well as of organizations as complex systems by examining organizational behaviour at 3 levels: the individual (self and others), the work team and the larger organizational context. Increase participants’ understanding of leadership processes and how these are intertwined with an understanding of organizational behaviour. Develop participants’ repertoire of leadership capabilities through greater self-awareness a deeper understanding of the impact of their actions on others – and building leadership habits to better equip them to lead and take effective actions in today’s organizations. Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 1 COURSE OUTLINE â€Å"The Law of Intentionality – Growth doesnâ €™t just happen† Life is now in session. Are you present? Maxwell (2012) The appendix provides a summary of the topics that would be covered for each session. The approach to all sessions will be grounded on participation-centered learning and the course design includes a range of participation-centered activities such as case studies, group exercises and assignments, peer conversations, debates, self-reflection activities and talks by invited guest speakers. [See attached Course Outline table] READINGS PRE-CLASS PREPARATION The study of leadership and work behaviour, given its multidisciplinary nature, entails a fair amount of reading in preparation for the classes. Pre-class readings are essential and participants are expected to prepare the case studies or exercises prior to discussion in class. Two books have been prescribed and each covers different topics and levels of analysis. The relevant chapters for reading from each textbook and additional readings will be given in the detailed course outline. RECOMMENDED TEXTBOOKS IVANCEVICH, J. M. , KONOPASKE, R. and MATTESON, M. T. (2011). Organizational Behavior and Management 9th edition. McGraw – Hill Internation. New York. ULRICH, D. (2010). Leadership in Asia. McGraw-Hill OPTIONAL REFERENCES JOHN MAXWELL (2007). The 21 irrefutable laws of leadership. Thomas Nelson DANIEL LEVI (2007). Group Dynamics for Teams. 2nd edition. Sage Publication ROB GOFFEE and GARETH JONES (2006). Why should anyone be led by you? Harvard Business Press PARTICIPATION ASSESSMENT Class Participation/Sharing. The course is designed to provide ample opportunities for participants to contribute to the class learning by participating actively in the various class activities and by offering proactively their own experiences and insights for the benefits of other participants. This will constitute an important component of participants’ continuous assessment (10% of the total marks). â€Å"The law of Contribution – growing yourself enables you to grow others† – Maxwell (2012). Class Quizzes. Weekly seminars may commence with a short quiz to assess participants’ basic understanding of the concepts and key terms in the prescribed readings for that week. The purpose is to help participants develop a habit of continuous learning- a critical leadership habit. Hopefully, by the end of the course, participants will have built up a repository of knowledge on leadership and organizational behavior. Again, this will constitute another component of the participants’ Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 2 continuous assessment (10% of the total marks). â€Å"the law of Consistency: motivation gets you going – Discipline keeps you growing. † Self Case Study (real life leadership/OB challenge). John McDonnell once said, â€Å"Every problem introduces a person to himself†. As a leader/manager, you are likely to encounter different types of work situations – both positive and negative. As leaders, we can make the mistake but not lose the lesson. Hence there is much to be learned from one’s experiences especially from less positive ones. The objective of this individual assignment is to provide an opportunity for participants to learn from their experience at work or working with others by overlaying the concepts and theories covered during the course on the real life challenges. (10% of the total marks). The law of Pain: good management of bad experiences leads to great growth. † Reflection PaperLeadership Journaling. As we embark on this learning journey together, I strongly encourage course participants keep a journal to note their reflections and thoughts throughout the course. These reflections and thoughts on leadership and organizational behaviour can form the basis for the reflection paper (less than 1000 words) to be submitte d at the end of the course (10% of the total marks). â€Å"The law of Reflection: learning to pause allows growth to catch up with you. Up to 4 x Mini-Group Assignments. Working in teams is part and parcel of organizational life. As leaders, we are expected to lead a team of diverse individuals to achieve a common goal. Many times, we are also members of other teams. Hence being able to lead and willing to be led is an integral part of being a manager. These mini-team assignments are designed to allow participants to work together to achieve a common goal. Hopefully, they can apply the science of leadership and OB in the process and hone their leadership skills (20% of the total marks). The law of influence: the true measure of leadership is influence – nothing more, nothing less. † Final Examination. The examination will be an open-book exam of two and a half hours. Summary of Course Assessment and Requirements: B6018 Max pts Class Participation / Sharing 100 Class Qu izzes 100 Self Case Study (real life leadership/OB challenge) 100 Reflection paper/leadership journaling 100 Up to 4 x Mini-Group Assignments 100 Final examination (open-book) 100 Total 600 ? subject to changes by the instructor during the course % Final score 10 10 10 10 20 40 100 Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 3 ASSESSMENT PLAN Learning Goal Course Learning Objectives Assessment Method -class Quizzes -Self Case Study -Reflection Paper min-group assignments -Open-book examination -Self Case Study -Reflection Paper mini-group assignments -Open-book examination -Peer assessments of the skills demonstrated during Mini-group assignments Acquiring Applying Knowledge To gain an understanding of various concepts of leadership and organisational behaviour, such that students can use the â€Å"most useful† concepts for their professional lives. Assessment Rubrics* Written Assignment Rubric Critical/Creative Thinking To show critical/creative thinking in the evaluation of written ideas and case examples about leadership/OB. Written Assignment Rubric Teamwork and interpersonal skills To improve students’ skills for working with others. Peer Assessment Rubric Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 4 Written Assignment Rubric Criteria Acquiring knowledge and Critical Thinking Description This refers to the breadth and depth of understanding and analysis of the subject/content. Quality of answer assessed by well-considered and supported assertions, arguments, explanations, logic and inferences drawn from accurate interpretation and appropriate use/citation of literature. Range Poor Answer and/or literature cited do not address the question well. Answer is descriptive rather than analytical. Arguments are implicit rather than explicit. Logic and inferences are not clear. Average Answer and/or literature cited generally address the question. There is analysis and arguments but they are weak and broad. Arguments and logic are piece-meal and not integrated. Some issues are discussed adequately and others, less adequately. Minimum description of appropriate application of knowledge, experience and insights. Good Answer addresses the question directly. Literature is appropriately cited to support assertions and arguments. Writing is generally logical and integrated. Nonetheless, answer falls short of the highest standard in some ways, e. g. possible lines of assertion or argument may be missed or neglected. Well argued application of knowledge with clear and logical linkage to personal experience. Relevant insights and new ideas that have considered the practical constraints. Nonetheless, answer falls short of the highest standard in some ways, e. g. , lapses in one or more arguments, inadequate description. Excellent Answer addresses the question directly with breadth and depth. Literature is appropriately cited to support assertions and arguments. Writing is relevant, logical, and well integrated. Mark Awarded Application of knowledge and Creative thinking This refers to the appropriate application of knowledge and linkages to personal insights and experience. Creative insights and ideas are welcome when they are relevant and anchored to realistic/practical challenges. Inappropriate application of knowledge. Inadequate description of experience and insights. Little or no insights. Irrelevant or impractical ideas. Very well argued application of knowledge and boundaries, with clear and logical linkage to personal experience. Relevant insights and new ideas that have considered the practical constraints. Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 5 Quality of Writing – clarity of expression Quality of Writing – Organization and Formatting This refers to how effectively arguments, ideas and thoughts put forth in the essay are communicated and comprises word usage, sentence usage, paragraphing and fluency of expression. This refers to the overall organization, integration and flow of the essay. Format following the submission guidelines and proper use of footnotes/endnotes; references and bibliography. Has difficulties expressing ideas. Expresses ideas fairly clearly and coherently. Expresses ideas fluently and eloquently. Expresses ideas very fluently and eloquently. Has some limitations organising the ideas and following submission guidelines. Satisfactorily organized. Integration and flow can be better. Some lapses in following submission guidelines. Well organized, integrated and flowing. Format follows guidelines almost completely. Very well organized, integrated and flowing. Format follows guidelines completely. Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 6 Teamwork Interpersonal Skills Rubric (For Peer Rating) Learning Objective: The ability to work effectively with others in a group setting. Your ratings will not be revealed to your team members. Group Name: _______________________________________________ Name of Rater: ______________________________________________ Fill in your members’ names below and Rate on a scale of â€Å"1† to â€Å"6† for each trait Name1 Name2 Name3 Name4 Traits Roles and Responsibility Behaves professionally by upholding responsibility and assuming accountability for self and others in progressing towards the team’s goal. Communication Identifies appropriate mechanisms to coordinate and correspond with team members. Performance Scant Unclear about his/her own role; refuses to take a role in the group; insists to work individually and has limited coordination or communication with others. Evaluation: Scant 1 2 3 4 5 Scant Modes of communication are not appropriate, causing confusion and miscommunication among team members. Evaluation: Scant 1 2 3 4 Scant Does not recognize conflicts or is unwilling to resolve conflicts. Evaluation: Scant 1 Substantially Developed Always fulfills responsibilities; performs his/her role within the group with enthusiasm and demonstrates willingness to work collaboratively. Name5 6 Substantially Developed Substantially Developed Modes of communication are appropriate, and maintains timely communication and correspondence with team members. 5 6 Substantially Developed Substantially Developed Consistently resolves conflicts through facilitating open discussion and compromise. Conflict Resolution Resolves conflicts using a variety of approaches. Contributions Contributes positive input for the team; effectively utilizes one’s knowledge and expertise. 2 3 4 5 6 Substantially Developed Substantially Developed Actively attends and participates in all activities and provides meaningful contribution in articulating ideas and opinions. Scant Largely disinterested in working in a group and refuses to participate; observes passively or is unwilling to share information with other team members. Evaluation: Scant 1 2 3 4 Scant Rarely listens to others and does not acknowledge the opinions that differ from his/her own. 6 Substantially Developed Substantially Developed Engages in respectful relationships with all other members in the team. Embraces and accepts diverse points of view without prejudice. Relationship Maintains cooperative interaction with other team members regardless of individual /cultural differences and respects diverse perspectives. Evaluatio n: Scant 1 2 3 4 5 6 Substantially Developed Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 7 Self Case Study The law of Pain: Good management of bad experiences leads to great growth. † Maxwell (2012) The objective of this individual assignment is to provide an opportunity for participants to learn from their experience at work or working with others by overlaying the concepts and theories covered during the course on the real life challenges. There are two parts to this individual assignment. a. Part 1. To be handed in on Week 3 of the course. The participants will describe some of the challenges/issues/problems about people’s behaviors they encountered at work or when working with people. As a guide, try to limit to not more than 3 challenges. Part 1 should not be more than 1500 words. Try to identify for yourself what you want to learn from this course which will be useful in helping you understand and deal with people you work with in an effective manner. While the list of questions below may not exhaustive, I hope it will help you identify some of the potential issues/problems/challenges you may want to consider: o Think about a conflict which has arisen with one of your co-workers o Do you or your company have any major problems in motivating your or its work force? o How effective is your work group? o Describe your relationship with your boss – do you find it satisfying/dissatisfying? Are there problems in the way in which people use power and influence in your company? o How is change brought about in your company? b. Part 2. The complete assignment is to be handed in during Week 10. In total, this should be no more than 4000 words. The assignment should have the following sections a. Part 1 i. Title of the case ii. Description of the case (from week 3) iii. Why it happened the way it did? iv. What was done about it? b. Part 2 i. Your own analysis of the situation ii. What theories, concepts and frameworks covered in LOB course that may be useful here? iii. Based on your analysis and the theories, concepts and frameworks highlighted, how should the case be resolved? iv. What is your biggest takeaway from this case as a leader? Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 8 OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS Late Submission of Assignments Penalties will be imposed for late submissions that are not supported with valid reasons. A penalty of 10 marks will be imposed for each day that the assignment is submitted late. For example, a mark of 65% would become 55% if the assignment is submitted a day late and 45% if it is two days late. In order to ensure equity, students are reminded to stay within the word limit set for each assignment. Academic Integrity Truth, Trust and Justice are at the core of NTU’s shared values. Good academic work includes to a very large extent, honesty and ethical behaviour. The quality of your work as a student is therefore subjected to adhering to principles of academic integrity and to the NTU Honor Code, a set of values shared by everyone in NTU. The content of assignments submitted for grading purposes must be that of your own. You should therefore be diligent in identifying and acknowledging the sources of information used in completing your work (full details must be provided in your reference section). If you feel that the use of the exact wordings from a reference source is the best way to present the ideas, then you must use quotation marks and acknowledge the source. If you choose to summarise the words from a reference, the source must also be acknowledged, as this is not an original piece of work from you. Submitted work must be your own effort and must not duplicate (in whole or in part) the work of others (including other students). As a student, the responsibility falls on you to be familiar with and to apply the principles of academic integrity in all the work you do at NTU. Hence you will need to proactively familiarise yourself with the strategies to avoid all forms of academic dishonesty, including plagiarism, academic fraud, collusion, cheating, etc. Detailed information can be obtained via the academic integrity website at http://academicintegrity. ntu. edu. sg. Pleading ignorance or claiming that one is unaware of the requirements for maintaining academic integrity does not excuse academic dishonesty. As members of the NTU family, this is a responsibility that students and faculty staff alike must uphold at all times. Use of edveNTUre (Blackboard) The edveNTUre system (Blackboard) will be used to facilitate the posting of assignments, course materials and announcements, as well as for interacting with your coursemates and myself. Do ensure that your personal particulars especially your hand-phone number (if you have one) is updated in edveNTUre. This will allow you to receive urgent messages e. g. change in timing for lessons, via SMS from me. Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 9 Overview of Class Schedule Date Mar 13 Mar 20 Mar 27 Mar 3 April 10 April 17 April 24 April 2 May 8 May 15 May 22 May Topic Overview of Organizational Behaviour and Leadership Process Know Yourself: You as a leader (I) Know Yourself: You as a leader (II) Understanding Others: Your Followers (I) Understanding Others: Your Followers (II) Dialogue with A Group Executive Chairman Ov erview of Team Effectiveness Leadership in Teams Overview of Organizational Effectiveness Leadership in Organizations Conversation with a Leadership Coach Conclusion: Leadership in An Age of Uncertainty Leadership Develops Daily, not in a Day – John Maxwell 10

President Clinton

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Gender Discrimination Against Women in the Workplace Essay Traditionally, women have been considered to be the weaker sex and subordinate to men. Moreover, their roles have been assigned to domestic and childrearing duties. The job market is male dominated, and women are often considered to be out of place therein. Women face considerable sexual discrimination in the world of work, significantly limiting their employment prospects and subsequent advancement in their careers. Women generally find it more difficult than men to acquire a fulltime job. What is more, when they can successfully find work, they often struggle to extend their reaches and advance to higher positions. The jobs women are granted are very often those with low status and correspondingly lower income. As Harolambos (Sociology: Themes and Perspectives) says, â€Å"Women face a number of disadvantages in paid work. Firstly, they tend to be lower paid than men. Secondly, they are more-likely to be in part-time work. 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In the view of many employers, the role of women as breadwinners is a subordinate one to that of their husband (if she is married). Added to this fact, women lead more complex social lives than that of men. They often must balance their roles as financial providers and child caregivers. Employers often ask personal questions to female applicants. They aim to obtain background information. This may include her marital status, whether she has any children and their ages, or if she is a single mother. Then they interpret these pieces of information in several, prejudiced lights. For example, if she is married, they assume that her husband is the primary breadwinner and her role will be subordinate. This puts the female applicant at a disadvantage when compared to a male applicant with a â€Å"wife and family to support.† Or they may assume that a single parent mother with a young child may need too much personal time to fulfil her parental roles at the loss to the employer (manifesting as a loss in â€Å"man-hours†). Women – both single and married – may even be asked if they intend to have children at a job interview, perhaps informally. And if they say â€Å"yes†, thoughts of maternity leave, subsidized childcare and their costs immediately spring in the minds of the employer. A woman who leaves her job on maternity leave often runs the risk of not having a job to return to. â€Å"Britain for example, has the lowest rate of maternity leave in the European Union. Sixty percent of women in the United States have no adequate access to such leave.† (David Bender and Bruno Leone, 1989) In Trinidad and Tobago, women had virtually no protection from such discrimination until 2001, when the Maternity Leave Act was passed – guaranteeing that their job would still be available on their return. Many mothers are at pains to find fulltime work. Their parental demands make it difficult to pursue a fulltime career. Employers often make no provisions for them, as well as women returning from maternity leave, in the way of workplace creche and nursery services. Their part-time status means that they earn significantly less. Ironically, they earn less just at the time when they need more funds to support adequate childcare. The jobs women are usually able to get tend to be of low status, and low paying. â€Å"Society has made it such that even if a woman wanted to go against the norms and get a job in the work force she would not get very far. About 75 percent of the jobs in the well paying professions are held by men and even if women are able to get equal jobs as men they still get paid considerably less.† (David Bender and Bruno Leone, 1989) In the professional world, women seem to be trapped in the clerical field, with very few ever reaching managerial positions, even and despite of their having adequate qualifications. In 1950, women composed 30 percent of the workforce. Over 50 years later, this number has increased to 47 percent. Yet, today, women who work full-time, year-round earn 76 cents for every dollar men earn. This is in part due to the limited career options of women compared to that of men, in addition to the usual disparity in pay. Many jobs are so designed, that their â€Å"qualifications† are deterrents to female applicants and favour males. For example, to be a firefighter, you have to pass a strength test – and even if a woman passes, she may still be denied access if she is not of the required height and weight. Thus, such jobs tend to be male oriented. Increasingly however, women are being granted them as old attitudes and norms change. But this has lead to yet another ill – workplace violence against women is on the increase in such careers. It seems that in traditionally male dominated fields, such as the armed forces and the utilities, women earn less only to suffer more. In 2001, 14,170 lost-time injuries or illnesses resulting from assaults and violent acts on women in the American workplace were reported, whereas men suffered from 9,464. Although women compose 47 percent of the workforce, they suffer 60 percent of these attacks. About 36,500 rapes occur in the workplace annually, approximately 80 percent of which occur against women. In 2001, female fatalities in the American workplace as a result of assaults and violent acts numbered 30.8 percent. Men however, had only a 13.9 percent workplace fatality rate due to assaults and violent acts. Without doubt, women are the ones who suffer more from workplace violence. Unquestionably, women experience discrimination in the world of work. Although the prospects for improving the current state of affairs may seem bleak, there is hope. As increasing numbers of workingwomen and their supporters lobby for change, those in authority have started listening. The gender disparity in pay is decreasing and women now have a greater range of career opportunities. Progress has been slow. But considering it requires the changing of norms established from the dawn of society, the advancement has been significant. While gender discrimination may exist for quite some time to come, it can be expected to decrease as time goes on.