Analysis of Epic Poems Essay -- Epic Poetry Iliad Greece Greek Literat

Analysis of Epic PoemsAn epic poem is a long poem that tells a story well-nigh heroes. The Iliad is a great epic poem written by Homer in the 8th century BC, reflecting on events that occurred slightly 1200 BC during the time of the Olympian religion. There were twelve chief gods who supposedly lived in Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece. The twelve Olympian gods were common to only Greeks, who thus shared basic polytheistic religion (Spielvogel 84). The first of the two excerpts I will discuss from the Iliad, is during the time of the Greek and Trojan War. At one and only(a) point, the powerful god Zeus forbids the separate gods to intervene in the war, but Zeuss wife Hera, wants her brother Poseidon to help the Greeks during this time. Hera decides to distract Zeuss attention by seducing him with her looks. She bathes herself with ambrosia, fixes her lovely and ambrosial curls, puts on her finest earrings, and dresses in intimate apparel. Hera because makes her way down under the clouds where Zeus could see her.Zeus then approaches her and asks where she is going. Hera lies to him and tells him she is on her way to visit her parents. He is so attracted to her that he insists they must make love above the clouds before she goes. Hera plays hard to get, and suggests they go to a specify where they cant be seen. Zeus then tries to persuade Hera by telling her that no woman, out of the many hes had relations with, had ever melted about his heart like she does. After many attempts, Zeus convinces her to make love to him under the golden cloud. Afterwards, they fall asleep, giving Poseidon his chance to help the Greeks. Although immortal, the gods seen in the Iliad, reckon to be very human like except for the fact that they are forever youthful. Zeus expresses himself to be a strong, powerful, horny, charming, but also, unintelligent god. On the other hand, Hera is seen as a seductress. She is a liar, and a very devious woman who uses sex to get what she wants. The second excerpt from the Iliad, is a face to face vex scene between the Trojan Prince Hector, and the Greek hero Achilles. Previous to this event, Achilles had chased Hector around the city of troy three times looking for revenge. Finally, the goddess genus Athene steps in and tells Achilles that she will trick Hector by disguising herself to be his brother Delphobus and when he turns ar... ...and fruits of their victories, and, as usually happens, growing corrupted by approval and idleness, show a tendency to violence and arrogance, it is in these circumstances, more than ever, that the constitution is seen to possess within itself the power of correcting abuses (Tierney & Scott 103.)ReferencesHomer. The Iliad, Trans. Richmond Lattimore, in Tierney and Scott, Western Societies A documentary History.Plato. The Republic, Trans. B. Jowett, in Tierney and Scott, Western Societies A Documentary History.Plutarch. Life of Lycurgus, Trans. A .H. Clough, in Tierney and Scott, Western Societies A Documentary History.Polybius. The Histories of Polybius, Trans. E.S. Shuckburgh, in Tierney and Scott, Western Societies A Documentary History.Spielvogel, Jackson. Western nicety to 1715., West Publ. Co, Inc., St. Paul 1999 (4th Ed.)Thucydides. History of the Peloponesian War, Trans. B. Jowett, in Tierney and Scott, Western Societies A Documentary History.Xenophon. Oconomics, Trans. J.S. Watson, in Tierney and Scott, Western Societies A Documentary History.

Pornography on the Internet Essay -- social issues

Pornography on the net incomeThe net profit is a method of communication and a bloodline of information that is becoming popular among those who are interested in the information superhighway. The problem with this world we know as Cyberspace, the Net, or the Web is that some of this information, including pornographical textile and hate literature, is being accessible to minors. Did you know that 83.5% of the images available on the Internet are pornographical? Did you know that the Internets pornography and hate literature are available to curious children that happen to bump into them? One of the drawing features of the young Internet was its freedom. Its ...a rare example of a true, modern, functional anarchy...there are no official censors, no bosses, no board of directors, no stockholders (Sterling). Its an open forum where anyone can say anything, and the only thing holding them back is their witness conscience. This lawless atmosphere bothered many people, including Neb raska Senator James Exon. Exon proposed in July, 1994 that an amendment be added to the Telecommunications Reform Bill to regulate content on the Internet. His device was rejected at the time, besides after persistence and increased support, his proposal evolved into the Communications Decency Act (CDA), part of the 1996 Telecommunications Reform Act The Internet has changed the world by creating advertising, information, and businesses. However, there are the few bad apples in the Internet that have information, literature, graphics and images that have been deemed inappropriate for minors. Therefore, many people feel the Internet should be censored by the Government. The Government owns and operates the Internet and its agencies are responsible for what is on the Internet. However, for the parents with minors that are concerned about what their kids see- they should go out and get software package to censor the Internet. Dont ruin everyone elses fun. Why should I have to be a p easant of the Government tyranny over the Internet? The people that worry about their kids and make the Government worry about it and pass legislation on censorship are the people that are excessively damn lazy to buy Internet Censorship software programs for their PERSONAL computers, NOT the entire United States. The Government wants censorship, but a segment of the Internets population does not. The Communi... ... the user would exercise control of the information available on interactive media instead of the government or network operators. The CDA criminalizes knowingly transmiting or making available information on interactive media that can be accessed just as easily by wondering the isles of a book store. It also criminalizes unbecoming speech that is transmitted electronically between two consenting adults. i.e. Email. The punishment for such a crime can be up to 2 days in prison and/or a $250,000 fine. The Communications Decency Act is unconstitutional by banning speech that is protected by the First Amendment in a medium in which the user is giving the ability to select what he or she does or does not want to receive. The government gives citizens the privilege of using the internet, but it has never given them the right to use it. If we have a Constitution and, supposedly, a First Amendment- why is the Government using legislation to stop us from expressing ourselves? We seem to be a ironic and paradox country. We didnt want to be the first to use nuclear weapons and the atomic bomb, but were the first and, so far to present day, the last to use them.

Should We Balance National Debt? :: Argumentative Persuasive Economics Papers

Should We Balance National Debt?The national debt is a problem that the inviolatecountry has to deal with. The questions is whether or not tobalance it? Morally the answer is yes. We should notleave this burden for our children to solve. If thedeficit was balanced then this country would shake up more cash to spend on other programs such as welfare ormedicare. Fifteen percent of national spending is usedto accept for the current deficit. With another 15% of ourbudget to spend on tax-cuts or other issues this couldcause an economic boom. Some say that balancing the budget is not the rightthing to do. It is said that by balancing the budgetat the end of the fiscal year would cause the g everywherenmentto raise taxes therefore deceleration down the economy. Somealso say that we should not balance the budget becausenone of the countries that have paid for the bonds leave behindnever collect the money owed. They will just let the bonds collect interest therefore we are no t responsibleto pay back the money. This relies on that the bond holders never collect which we do not know for sure ifthey wont. We need to be prepared so if the bond holders docollect we can fullfill our end of the deal and pay themoney we owe. To balance the budget will take years toaccomplish and a little better handling of money than we currently doing. Since the Cold War is over we no lomgerneed to be spending as much money on defense as we have

Dionysius I of Syracuse Essay -- History, Dionysius

Dionysius I of Syracuse garnered a reputation as a warmongering tyrant who harmed his plurality with his oppressive regime. However many surviving sources that explore his hulk were written by people who were ideologically opposed to perceived tyrants. It is therefore quite doable that aspects of Dionysius rule where left out or exaggerated to suit the authors anti-tyrannical agenda. It is the intention of this paper to argue that Dionysius rule did in fact do good Syracuse more than he harmed it during his lifetime. His domestic and foreign affairs will be explored in order to show how he in fact benefitted the Syracusan ground as well as the majority of its people. It will however also be argued that his legacy did harm the Syracusan state but that overall Dionysius rule was honest in his lifetime.Sources tend to portray Dionysius rule in a negative light and seemingly avoid the latter part of his reign. L. Pearson suggested that the reason for this was because Philistus was in oust at the time (since many sources rely on him for a firsthand account) meaning there was a lack of information. Diodorus provides the most compressive surviving work of Dionysius rule but follows the anti-tyrannical tradition. According to Diodorus, Dionysius came to power by discrediting the military leaders in order to have him appointed general with supreme power by the meeting (Diodorus 13.91-2, 95). Dionysius was now able to do whatever was necessary to win the war giving him virtually limitless power over the state. He also confident(p) the assembly to recall Syracusan who were in exile to help aid in the war, providing Dionysius with plenty of new supporters among the returning people (Diodorus 13.92). He then gained a date o... ...le benefited from his rule. The rulers building projects and preparations for war created many jobs that would last a number of years. Stabile employment was found by many people and projects such as the beef up wall saved them fro m a Carthaginian siege. Dionysius large army helped to protect the state as well as expand its influence in two Sicily and Italy. As time went on the oppressive aspects of Dionysius reign ebbed away as he sought to improve his image in order to gain sizable allies. This eventually bore fruit meaning Dionysus was able to elevate Syracuse to an international level. However his legacy was harmful to Syracuse as it led to the ache of its people and the weakening of the state. During his life time however Dionysius did benefit Syracuse became it was ultimately left it in a better position than it was before he came to power.

ANOREXIA :: essays research papers

AnorexiaHave you ever seen people constantly playing with their food? One mogul think they have a stomach problem or are not interested in food. Actually, they might be hiding the symptoms of a malady which affects millions of Ameri poops. The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders says that there is an estimated 7 million females and 1 million males who suffer with this disorder. This disease is known as anorexia. There are many factors that shape people to become anorexic. When they are diagnosed with anorexia they have to face many consequences.Anorexia is the most common and well known eating disorder (Harris 2). It is a deliberate egotism starvation disorder. Even if you do eat anything, it will only be in tiny portions (Sandra Arbetter 8). They fear becoming fat (Goleman 11). This disease is mainly set in motion in teens(Taibbi 29). There is not a single distinct reason why people become anorexic but doctors are aware of causes that bewitch the m (duke edu. 1). A major cause of anorexia is having a weight disturbance also known as a distorted body image. Anorexics view their bodies differently than others. They never see themselves too thin, and feel fat and over estimate their weight (Arbetter 7,8). For most girls, the ideal body image is to be thinner and for boys to be reinforced and muscular (Arbetter 11). Another cause of anorexia is a persons desire for entire control of their body, they want independence and expertise (NY at Buffalo 2). They feel a force from not meeting other peoples expectations which in turn leads them to become perfectionists. If they are less than perfect they feel like failures (NY at Buffalo 2, duke edu. 1). Their self valuate is low and they think only looks count. They believe that their body is trouble. Food becomes an instrument to show anger and rebellion against the family (Arbetter 8-10). A change in relationship, death, divorce or romantic breakup or a new job, home, and school can also cause anorexia. These situations cannot be controlled by them. Young people feel they can only control their bodies so they starve themselves (duke edu. 1). Preteens or teens may feel insecure with their new appearance as they develop physically and begin having feelings of sexuality. cosmos uncomfortable with their body, they feel that if they starve themselves they will revert back to their old body (NY at Buffalo 2 & Arbetter 8).

ANOREXIA :: essays research papers

AnorexiaHave you ever seen people constantly playing with their food? One major power think they have a stomach problem or are not interested in food. Actually, they might be hiding the symptoms of a infirmity which affects millions of Ameri suffers. The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders says that there is an estimated 7 million females and 1 million males who suffer with this disorder. This disease is known as anorexia. There are many factors that square up people to become anorexic. When they are diagnosed with anorexia they have to face many consequences.Anorexia is the most common and well known eating disorder (Harris 2). It is a deliberate ego starvation disorder. Even if you do eat anything, it will only be in tiny portions (Sandra Arbetter 8). They fear becoming fat (Goleman 11). This disease is mainly set up in teens(Taibbi 29). There is not a single distinct reason why people become anorexic but doctors are aware of causes that crook t hem (duke edu. 1). A major cause of anorexia is having a weight disturbance also known as a distorted body image. Anorexics view their bodies differently than others. They never see themselves too thin, and feel fat and over estimate their weight (Arbetter 7,8). For most girls, the ideal body image is to be thinner and for boys to be reinforced and muscular (Arbetter 11). Another cause of anorexia is a persons desire for entire control of their body, they want independence and expertise (NY at Buffalo 2). They feel a drive from not meeting other peoples expectations which in turn leads them to become perfectionists. If they are less than perfect they feel like failures (NY at Buffalo 2, duke edu. 1). Their self valuate is low and they think only looks count. They believe that their body is trouble. Food becomes an instrument to show anger and rebellion against the family (Arbetter 8-10). A change in relationship, death, divorce or romantic breakup or a new job, home, and school ca n also cause anorexia. These situations cannot be controlled by them. Young people feel they can only control their bodies so they starve themselves (duke edu. 1). Preteens or teens may feel insecure with their new appearance as they develop physically and begin having feelings of sexuality. be uncomfortable with their body, they feel that if they starve themselves they will revert back to their old body (NY at Buffalo 2 & Arbetter 8).

Soundtrack to My Life Essay

This essay is requiring me to have at least 250 volumes to transfer so Im just pass to put a whole bunch of random words until I have 250. All I want to do read an essay so I can get some ideas for my essay. Also did you know gonna is not a real word its actually going to. I just well-educated that like two minutes ago. And Im listening to skrillex dang I just looked to jut how galore(postnominal) words I have and I save had like 73 because obviously Im going to have more since fountainhead theres more words. I wonder how many words I have now. Poop.My dang space bar isnt functional As of good now I have 117 words. Well after working I had 117 words. Yay I dont have that many more words to go Apple. Cat good food hungry random I dont even care pink blue yellow purple. Im just going to copy and paste this now. This essay is requiring me to have at least 250 words to upload so Im just going to put a whole bunch of random words until I have 250. All I want to do read an essay s o I can get some ideas for my essay. Also did you know gonna is not a real word its actually going to.I just learned that like two minutes ago. And Im listening to skrillex dang I just looked to see how many words I have and I only had like 73 because obviously Im going to have more since well theres more words. I wonder how many words I have now. Poop. My dang space bar isnt working As of right now I have 117 words. Well after working I had 117 words. Yay I dont have that many more words to go Apple. Cat good food hungry random I dont even care pink blue yellow purple. Im just going to copy and paste this now.

Fantasy Faces Reality Essay

Joyces short story Araby shows us the moment of awakening from fantasy by a sons one-side love story. we some time experience when we continue to work on ourselves, understand that if something is causing regret, anger, unhappiness or and other negative emotion, we are, by definition, experiencing an illusion. We will experience the illusions we still demand in mind are real. We will do so because we have made the unreal to real, and the best way to understand that what we see as valuable is actu all toldy worthless is to experience its valuelessness.Many times, when community awaken from their incisionicular illusion, they feel so empty, angry, or feel like such a loser, but after this moment, people will step forward again into everyday life to begin new chapters in their personal histories. The short story Araby is filled with the fact that both(prenominal) Symbolism and Realism share significant weights. It opens and closes with strong symbols to awaken realism. The fantasy and reality are faced at beginning of the story by intend the priests death.When the male child narrates about the priest that reads, He had been a very charitable priest in his will he had left all his money to institutions and the furnitures of his house to his sister (302). It makes the boy thinks him as a sneer, for it implies that the priest, by having a fortune, skill not have been faithful to his position, and by handing his furnitures over to his sister, might not have yet been free from secular ties of family relations. When the priest writes the will, he might believe that he will be charitable and respected by people, but his fantasy is broken by leaving his furnitures to his sister.As an old priest, even if he had been inherited a big fortune, he might have donated the fortune to the indian lodge if he had been charitable. It is somehow not delightful to see a wealthy minister, who is supposed to be poor and honorable, especially in the times of poverty. The Joyces comments in the story, the boy finds old books in the priests room (Among these I found a few paper-covered books the pages of which were curled and damp The Abbot, by Walter Scott, The Devour Communicant and The Memoirs of Vidocq. )The Abbot (It is said that Queen Mary of Scotland was depicted as a very devout, serious, religious and romantic person.) shows a boys unlogical recognitions among religion, romanticism and sex, while The Memoirs of Vidocq (the story of a double life of a police and a thief) suggests an allusion on deception and dishonesty. With the name of Mangan, whose sister is the partner of the boys one side love, Joyce suggests a strong allusion of James Clarence Mangan who is an Irish poet in 19th century. By the name Mangan, she was symbolized as a person of trickery and misled emotion. Moreover, there is the back drawing room, where the boy does masturbations in confused illusions of sexual fantasy and religious mystery and devotion.This implies the fact that the desire of the boy, who is a Dublin Irish Catholic, was completely hidden by the religious suppression. The last sentence in the story, the boy says my eyes burned with anguish and anger (304) In the opening part of the story, the writer used the expression, being blind. (Some scholars explain that the expression, being blind means an impasse indicating the deadlock situation of the Irish society. ) It shows how the boys emotions modify to anguish and anger when he faces the reality, coming out of the walls of traditions and religion.The boys emotions had been vague and abstractive up to this point but from there he becomes a real and concrete person. At the last scene, the boy realizes that his journey to Araby is not for a consecrated duty(The girl, his one sided lover, asked him an errand to buy something for her, and he regarded her as a holy subsistence. ) but only for his imprudence and vanity. The society made him open his eyes to reality (What helped him open his eyes w ere a few shabbily left-over coins and the English girl who was senselessly fooling herself by playing around with boys.)He opens his eyes and realizes the reality from the behaviors of English girl casting amorous glances to boys. This is the Epiphany that Joyce suggested. It is the moment when the consciousness of a humane being is manifested as if there were the advent of the god. Another point that should be commented is the sentence, What is Araby about. The Araby is a story about love, sex, religion, and a process of a boys growth to an adult in which he faces illusions, separations, and credits of reality. Also, Araby can be said as a place of growth.The boy was unable to argue against the society and therefore he had to reconcile the strange emotions he faced with the Catholic emotion. That means he sublimated the doubt about his emotions with the mystery of religion. The journey to Araby brought him the realization of reality and the growth to an adult. Dubliners (In this story, the author describes the Dubliners as a moralist reprimanding the spiritual paralysis of his homeland, Ireland. He indicated Dublin as the center of the paralysis) delivers a feeling that is so distressing and so realistic that one becomes painful.Joyce delivered such feeling for Irish people. Koreans of today may also be sympathized if a great writer shrewdly and realistically reprimands the immoral and sluggish features of the present Korean society but it was the suggestion not for a limited region but for the common society, as presentation of a rule that proves the general history of the human societies. That shows why he is so great a writer. Araby successfully expresses the mix of situations of abundant symbolisms along with politics, culture and religion, through a story of puppy love in adolescence.He properly avoided the fantasies and exaggerations that are typical to novels. This shows how a novel can radiate and affect the real society. As the process of gettin g used to the reality and living with concealed wounds is the destiny for the human being, the boy is now telling us his past plainly, after having a painful experience to become an adult. To the boy, Araby was an unexpected place for a ceremony to become an adult and a mirror reflecting a new world.

The Main Characters In The Brother K English Literature Essay

The closed book plan of the narrative is al single from many other books, in that it feels ilk 5 different secret plans all ramifying off from the same starting point, and all stoping up at the same topographic point. Each of the major characters has their own(prenominal) secret plan Papa, Peter, Everett, Irwin, and the remainder of the household at the house. Papa is, merely that, the male parent of the family. Once a professional hurler, he subsequently retired to bring in a factory. Several old ages subsequently, his pollex was crushed by some machinery in the factory s paper imperativeness, intending that he could neer discard at ace time more with step up a particular surgery, one they could nt afford. This sent him into a spiral of depression that lasted many old ages, until Kincaid snapped him out of it. He began developing once more, despite his pollex, and after a batch of preparation, he was fliping once more, yet nowhere near his glory yearss . Finally, due t o some tampering by Everett, he is able to acquire his surgery, and replaces his bad pollex with his toe, and gets a prosthetic toe to replace that. He finally works his manner back up the baseball game ladder until he is the alleviation hurler for the Tugs. He merely quits when he realizes he has to take between baseball and his household. He dies a a couple of(prenominal) months afterwards, due to several types of malignant neoplastic disease. Peter is a genius degree mind who believes really strongly in Zen Buddhist doctrines, and ends up at Harvard for all of his work, avoiding the bill of exchange by manner of scholarship. Finally going to India, he returns place after being robbed of all of his ownerships, although deriving a great trade of cognition about the doctrines he believes in. Everett, on the other manus, is about an antonym of Peter. His beliefs are anarchistic and agnostic in nature, and he is often more extremist in his actions. From beginnings hassling his ain female parent about her spiritual beliefs, he finally ruins his household s kinship with their curate. After he graduates High school, he uses his natural endowment of address to progress in life, going a hippy . Droping out of school in order to lash-up the bill of exchange, he finally ends up in Canada, love struck by the one miss who his powers of address could nt enchant, named Natasha. After an on/off relationship affecting many letters, he finally comes back to the US to assist his brother, despite the effects of bill of exchange evasion. The third oldest, Irwin, has no mental art, but is alternatively, an about everlastingly happy, soft giant. By book s terminal, he is one of merely 3 characters left in the household whose beliefs are stringently Christian. Due to dropping out of school and non wishing to run off, he is drafted into the Vietnam War, where his apparently eternal benevolence runs dry. He snaps after his squad is forced to protrude a little kid, utilizing nil but a tubing of toothpaste and his fists to assail his bid officer. These actions landed him in a mental establishment back in the United States, where he was subjected to an copiousness of narcotics and repeated electroconvulsive therapy therapy when he would nt halt singing the church anthem he grew up with. Upon larning of this, his household puts aside their differences and calls upon many of their religious friends to come and assist acquire him out of the establishment. They win, and he recovers finally, through tackling the originative mercantile establishment of wood ranges. The remainder of the characters are much more peasant. mommy is an highly spiritual lady who keeps the whole household together, even when 2/3 of her kids reject her instructions. Beatrice/Bet and Winifred/Fred are twins born after Kincaid, some(prenominal) really scientifically minded, but ramifying off sacredly, as Bet s uninterrupted dark panics have lead her to an agnostic/atheist point of vi ew, and Fred s beliefs remaining Christian. All of these characters and events come together as the kids and parents try to populate their lives.In my sentiment, the almost memorable scene from this book was the flash that they allow Irwin out of the mental establishment. The concluding behind this being that, up until this scene, the book had been reasonably realistic. The war was portrayed as dark, farinaceous and meaningless, the characters three dimensional and complex. But this minute merely shattered that for me. No authorities establishment would be that easy overthrown by a few household members and some spiritual leaders. Irwin was, from a 3rd individual s point of view, still lawfully insane. They had every ground to maintain him at that place. This scene was such a displacement in the secret plan that I suppose it stuck with me.My favourite quotation mark mark from this book is a Want to hear wherefore? Do you desire to cognize why Linda could neer kip? I forced my self to nod. Good. It s good to sharea ( Page 390 ) This is from the scene where Bet is depicting her dark panics to Kincaid. My ground behind picking this quotation mark is that, for one, it was a immense turning point in the narrative for Kincaid. Prior to this point, he himself was a minor character, more frequently than non leting his wiser older sib to make everything. This is one of the few points in the narrative where he takes the brunt of the blow and shows some development as a character. For two, and for the same grounds mentioned, this shows off one of the major subjects in The Brothers K that is salvation. Every character in this book redeems themselves at one point or other, with the possible exclusion of T Bar, one of the people Peter met in India who helped him along his journey.Personally, I did non like this book. Many parts I had to maintain forcing myself frontward, with the promise that it may acquire more fire subsequently on. And it did, for the most porti on. But any clip the secret plan of one character would get down to acquire interesting, it would trade off to another character, and so another, until I had long forgotten why I was interested in the first character in the first topographic point. I did, except like how every character was given a sufficient wrap up, but at the same clip, the stoping felt really rushed. Where as in most of the book, at most merely a few months would travel by without notice the stoping skipped full old ages in between paragraphs. A more minor complain is about the names. It took me half the book to recognize that Winnie and Fred is the same individual, and that it is a miss. But about three quarters of the manner through the book, Irwin adopts the nickname Winnie, with no account behind it. This book in any event has a batch of reasonably unneeded spots to it, apparently in order to give the characters more credibility. A multi portion History of My Dad written by Irwin serves to give the Papa character a back narrative that is nt truly needed. There are besides several interviews with celebrated baseball participants. All in all, this book may be a good read for the history partisans, but I do nt believe that the mean Joe would happen it really appealing.

Double Entry Journals for the Crucible Essay

AnalysisWe cannot flinch these are new times, sir. There is a misty plot afoot(predicate) so subtle we should be criminal to cling to old respects and ancient friendships. I have seen too umpteen frightful proofs in fair playcourtthe Devil is alive in capital of Oregon, and we dare not quail to follow wherever the accusing finger points in great pain Man, remember, until an hour forraderhand the Devil fell, God thought him beautiful in Heaven (1244).Mass paranoia, confusion, upkeepDespite being an educated man, Hale is fully embracing the witch-hunt and keeps advocating it. The masses of Salem are too afraid to question the validity of the witch fraud claims because even God thought him beautiful in Heaven -an hour before the Devil fell-. How can common men of Salem identify the Devil correctly? Ancient friendships are no longer relevant because anyone, even a close friend can be in the league with the Devil. Although it is not important whether the person is a Devil-worshippe r or not because the the great unwashed of Salem do not dare not quail to follow wherever the accusing finger points, Hale himself appears to believe that anyone accused has the potential of being a Devil-worshipper and worth(predicate) to be interrogated. Since the way of the Devil is so subtle that the people of Salem should be criminal even to trust their friends now. The small bits of evidence seem to be forced or plotted, but according to Hale, all such(prenominal) proofs were real, frightful, and more than enough to be used to convict the accused. There appears to be a very thin line between being a devote Christian and a devil-worshipper, even to sensible Mr. Hale.If she is innocent Why do you neer wonder if Parris be innocent, or Abigail? Is the accuser always sanctum sanctorum now? Were they born this morning as clean as Gods fingers? Ill enumerate you whats walking Salem-vengeance is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law This warrants vengeance (1246)Justice, powerThe people of Salem expect that their legal system, based on the Bible, has the truth of God, However, it is being manipulated very easily as in this case. watch over mocks this notion by pointing out that the accusers may have their own selfish reasons for their accusations, but due to their holy legal system, their will commands the laws. Proctor refers this fact by the phrase common vengeance writes the law. He repeats this point bravely- several times in the quote vengeance is walking Salem and this warrants vengeance to reinforce this idea. He clearly points the double standards in the current justice system by asking Is the accuser always holy now? He is questioning the innocence of Abigail and the girls by making radical comparison between them and the Gods fingers, which had inscribed the Ten Commandments. blush though Proctor uses an utmost(prenominal) co mparison to mock the girls, the power they seized at Salem is far beyond their own rights. Deciding who will die and live is reverent power as jangling the keys of the kingdom refers to. Proctor is simply pointing out the ridiculousness of the situation while trying to save his wifes life. However, when fear and greed takes over the logic becomes irrelevant, which makes all his efforts futile.Now Hell and Heaven grapple on our backs, and all our old pretense is ripped away-make your peace He throws her to the floor, where she sobs, I cannot, I cannot. And now, half to himself, staring, and turning to the capable door Peace. It is providence, and no great change we are only what we always were, but naked now. He walks as though toward a great horror, facing the open sky. Aye, naked And the wind, Gods icy wind, will blow (1248)Deception, adultery, guilt, aboveboardy, punishmentProctor has not been honest with his wife, Elizabeth, about(predicate) his relationship with Abigail, whic h put Elizabeth in a vulnerable position. He smellings guilty about it but at the same time until his wife gets taken to the jail upon accusation of Abigail for witch crafting, he never even considered admitting it. Adultery is one of the ten commandments and Proctor is expecting a lot of trouble for revealing it. Even though Elizabeth already senses it, Proctor may lose peace and happiness in his marriage forever. He may also be criticized harshly by the people for his sin. Also, he may make Abigail very mad, which is a crazy thing to do under the circumstances. Abigail wants to take place of Elizabeth and getting her killed is very hands-down for Abigail. Being at the verge of revealing such a shameful secret makes Proctor feel as if he is naked and facing the open sky. The quote repeats naked several times to emphasize the shame Proctor feels about revealing this secret. Icy wind represents the hurt he is expecting to feel afterwards due to brutal critism, shame and guilt.I ca nnot charge murder on Abigail.Shell kill me for saying thatAbby will charge lechery on you, Mr. ProctorI cannot, theyll turn on me (1248)TerrorEven though Mary Warren is now official of the court helping girls to decide who is performing with craft, she is extremely panic-stricken of getting accused herself. She is very well aware of the extend of the evilness of Abigail and the girls and knows that they will seek revenge if she helps Proctor to clear Elizabeths name about the puppet. Mary W. feels extremely scared of Abigail as she uses the phrase shell kill me and theyll turn on me, which means that Mary Warren would do anything they expect her to do such asblaming others of worshipping the Devil, or keeping puppets at their house to harm other people, which makes the Mary Warren a true puppet and Abigail and the girls true witches harming innocent people using the puppets like Mary Warren.Giles That bloody mongrel Walcott charge her. Ysee he buy a consume of my wife four or fiv e year ago, and the pig died soon after. So he come dancin in for his money back. So my Martha, she says to him, Walcott, if you havent the wit to feed the pig properly, youll not live to own many, she says. Now he goes to court and claims that from that day to this he cannot a pig alive for more than four weeks because my Martha bewitched them with her books (1244) catchy slopeMartha gets accused of wicth craft by Walcott just because the pig he purchased from her dies probably because Walcott did not take care of the pig well-. However, the accusation is that Martha is practicing witch craft with her books. Walcott seems to be taking advantage of the current insanity to resolve past enmity. Even though Giles seems very upset about the situation and finds Walcotts accusations groundless, in Act I, it was him trying to use Hales influence to spy on his wife and learn about what kind of books she was reading and accusing her with the stoppage of prayer. Giles seems to have initiated the fall of his loved one unintentionally. About Walcotts accusation and the logic Even though there may be many other reasons for the pig to die after its purchase from Martha and there is no obvious correlation between two events, the court choses to treat this case with extreme and concludes that the pig died because Martha was practicing witch craft. It is a long jump, very illogical conclusion.

Detroitism

Historical Oblivion John Patrick Learys essay, Detroitismexplores the most common rhetoric that Detroit as a city and a figure often fallsvictimto the validity of ruin porn which attempts to document but often exploits its history. Leary is anAmerican literature teacherat Wayne State University in Detroit. His essay explores in-depth the shallowness of popular ruin pornographers, Yves Marchand and Romain Meffre, photographs from their book, The Ruins of Detroit,as well as other popular photographers.He alsooutlines the three Detroit Stories, which are typicalattitudesregarding Detroit news and media discussion. He intends to reveal a question he thinks is of reasonable importance to readers. His essay is one with a valid message. However it can be difficult to get wind exactly what he means at times as he shifts from criticism to defence of the photographers he mentions, which can mosttime confuse them into getting to diametrical conclusions. Nevertheless, he does eventually sec ure a crucial point that stands out to most readers. check to John Patrick Leary, Detroit remains the Mecca of urban ruins. Leary notes that ruin photography is often deemed pornographic, and questions how photographs of a crumbling city can really tell us why that city crumbles. Where ruin photography succeeds is in compelling us to ask the questions undeniable to impersonate this story togetherDetroits story, but also the increasingly familiar story of urban America in an era of prolonged economic crisis. He adjusts his pen in an effort to unveil a different view of Detroits past to the readers.In Learys view, most deal are double-dyed(a)ly blind by the fascination conveyed in the photographs and are unaware of the events that actually took place in the city. One example of ruin-porn Leary chooses to criticize is an extract from The British filmmaker Julien synagogues Detroit The Last Days In their shadows, the glazed eyes of the street zombies slide into view, stumbling in front of the car. Our excitement at driving into what feels like a man-made hurricane Katrina is matched only by sheer disbelief that what was once the fourth-largest city in the U. S. ould actually be in the process of disappearing from the face of the earth. Leary describes this modal value as the locally denounced ruin porn, as all the elements are present the exuberant connoisseurship of dereliction the unembarrassed rejoicing at the excitement of it all, in haste equilibrize by the liberal posturing of sympathy for a man-made Katrina and most classically, the absence of people other than those he calls, cruelly, street zombies. Learys point is that the city and its people arent properly mentioned for they mean nothing to Detroit authors their only interest is to come up with something readers find fascinating.This is exactly what Leary disapproves of and is the main purpose of his essay. According to Leary, no photograph can adequately identify the origins for Detroits co ntemporary ruination all it can represent is the spectacular wreckage left behind in the present, after decades of deindustrialization, housing discrimination, suburbanization, drug violence, municipal corruption and incompetence, highway construction, and other forms of urban renewal that have taken their terrible tolls.The point behind his writing is to, at which to some extent he succeeds, change the readers view of Detroit by explaining the reality of the citys past and allowing readers to imagine themselves in the past citizens unpleasant positions, at the time of the citys downfall. John mentions what is most unsettling to himbut also most troublingin Moores photos is their ohmic resistance to any narrative content or explication.For example, he describes Moores shot of a grove of birch trees growing out of rotting books in a warehouse as being a sign of Detroits stubborn persistence, and that it could easily be a visual joke on the citys supposed intellectual and physical de crepitude, a bad joke that does not need repeating. Leary seems to disapprove of every photographer he mentions but only to some extent. What he thinks makes this subgenre of urban expose particularly contemporary, though, is the historical and economic phenomenon it struggles to represent, a phenomenon the newness of which few of us can adequately comprehend.He tries to break things down to make it easier to regard his reasoning. Another issue Leary discusses is how the city fascinates as it is a condensed, emphatic example of the trials of so many American cities in an era of globalization, which has brought with it intensified economic unbalance and seemingly intractable joblessness. The implied message here is that people dont realize that they themselves are at risk of sharing Detroits fate caused by economic struggles we face today. Its a clear example of how that term, these days at least, increasingly looks like an optimistic delusion.Leary thinks it may have always been th is way, and shows that hes not satisfied. In viewingDetroit DisassembledandThe Ruins of Detroit, according to Leary, one is conscious of nothing so much as decomposeure of the city itself. Neither do the photographs communicate anything more than that self-evident fact. It is difficult to see through the pictures to discover the past. This is the meta-irony of these often ironic pictures Though they trade on the peculiarity of Detroit as alive ruin, these are pictures of historical oblivion.Leary emphasizes that Detroit figures as either a nightmare image of the American Dream, where equal opportunity and abundance came to die, or as an updated image of it, where people from expansive coastal cities can have the one-hundred-dollar house and community garden of their dreams. Although not directly mentioned, it is clear that this essay was not written only for the involvement of Detroit, but rather to introduce a more realistic view of the world, one that Leary thinks the most peop le misunderstand.Leary tries to support his personal perspective with examples of situations that seem to the highest degree identical, providing more opportunities for readers to grab his ideas. It seems hes so determined to making sure the reader grabs the accurate idea of the events in his writing that he, although its not very noticeable, uses guilt to persuade the reader about what he considers to be wrong views of Detroits past, which does not work in every approach.This may be due to the drawn conclusion of Leary trying to change the reader, which is understandably taken in disapproval, as readers like to have their own thoughts on implied matters in a reading. Most readers like to be entertained instead of being informed, although it is those readers who need to be informed. This doesnt mean that his writing is offensive it just isnt balanced in a way that makes sense to everyone. At the end of his essay, Leary lessens his criticism about the photography and actually states what they do right. He starts to show a place of appreciation as well.At that point, he starts to explain his analysis of the photographers work as incomplete. He mentions how Photographers like Moore, Marchand, and Meffre succeed in compelling us to ask the questions necessary to put this story together, Detroits story, but also the increasingly-familiar story of urban America in an era of prolonged economic crisis. He believes that the fact that they themselves fail to do so testifies not only to the limitations of any still image, but our collective failure to imagine what Detroits future, our collective urban future, holds for us all.The decontextualized esthetics of ruin make them pictures of nothing and no place in particular. Detroit in these artists work is a mass of unique details that fails to tell a complete story. But its a bit more than that, Leary says, as he tries to explain that their photographs arent necessarily wrong, but rather that they are missing an importan t side of Detroits history, one that is crucial to our understanding of its future.

Analysis of Oxygen Bearing Compunds

Analysis of Oxygen bearing constituent(a) compounds Abstract The inexplicable sample in the experiment can be analyseed to yield results such as 1 (primary), 2 ( indirect), 3 (tertiary) alcohols. Tests such as the dichromate running game, Tollens probe, Lucas exam, DNPH test and iodoform test would be very useful in de considerationining the type of alcohol that the unidentified sample belongs to. In the experiment, the unknown sample underwent serial publication of testing to identify what property of alcohol it belonged to and the result was that it was a primary alcohol.It went through the Dichromate reaction, Tollens reaction and at long last the Lucas reaction. Introduction The analysis of group O bearing organic compounds is an experiment in which a variety of tests are available to identify a compounds property whether it is a primary, numberary or tertiary alcohol. The tests that are included to come up with such results are coordinated with wiz an some some oth er like that of the Dichromate test, followed by the Tollens test to yield an aldehyde if positive for mirror coating.The second set of procedure would again start with The Dichromate test, followed by the Tollens test and finally the Lucas test to yield either primary alcohol if it became turbid or secondary alcohols as its result if it did not turn turbid. The last set of interconnected tests were that of again, the Dichromate test, Followed by the DNPH that would determine if the unknown sample is a Ketone (positive for red-orange precipitate) or a tertiary alcohol (if negative for red-orange precipitate).But before going deeper on what these tests are, what first are the difference between their results which are the primary, secondary and the tertiary alcohols, aldehydes and ketones? Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an paraffin wax have been replaced by an -OH group. Note however that there are different kinds of alcohols and Alcohols are categorize d into different classes depending on how the -OH group is positioned and arranged on the scope of the coke atoms. Chemical differences between the various types are possible.First to be discussed would be the Primary (1) alcohol, in which the carbon carrying the -OH group is only attached to one alkyl group. Meanwhile, In a secondary (2) alcohol, the carbon with the -OH group attached is joined precisely to two alkyl groups, these alkyl groups that are attached to the carbon chain may be the same or different. In a tertiary (3) alcohol, the carbon atom holding the -OH group is attached directly to threesome alkyl groups, which may be any combination of same or different 1.On the other hand, another result that can occur would be the presence of ketones and Aldehydes. But again, to understand the experiment further, what are Ketones and aldehydes? A ketone can be characterized as either the functional group categorized by a carbonyl group (O=C) attached to two other carbon atoms or it can be identified as a chemical compound that contains a carbonyl group. A carbonyl carbon bonded to two carbon atoms makes ketones different from carboxylic acids, aldehydes, esters, amides, and other type O-containing compounds.The double-bond of the carbonyl group distinguishes ketones from alcohols and ethers. The simplest ketone known is propanone 2. Lastly among the results is the aldehyde. The term aldehyde seems to have arisen from the wordds alcohol dehydrogenated. Way back in earlier times, aldehydes were at times named after the corresponding alcohols, for example, vinous aldehyde for acetaldehyde. (Vinous is from Latin vinum = wine, the traditional source of ethanol compare vinyl. ).An aldehyde is an example of an organic compound which has a terminal carbonyl group. This functional group, which consists of a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and double-bonded to an oxygen atom (chemical formula O=CH-), is commonly called the aldehyde group. The other names f or aldehyde group are formyl and methanoyl group. The aldehyde group is considered polar. Oxygen, which is more electronegative than carbon, pulls the electrons in the carbon-oxygen bond in the worry of itself, creating an electron deficiency at the carbon atom.Owing to resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, an ? -hydrogen in an aldehyde is more acidic than a hydrogen atom in an alkane, with a typical pKa of 17 3. Results and discussions The experiment included parallel testing of 3 liquids that would be used for comparison. the first sample would be the unknown sample, the second would be the positive standard in which formaldehyde was used and the last wold be the negative sample in which the simplest ketone, dimethyl ketone was used.Only three test were used to determine whether the groups unknown sample was under the category of primary, secondary, tertiary alcohol, aldehydes or ketones. The three tests were done one after the other in this order Dichromate test, Tollen s test, and Lucas test respectively. In the Dichromate test, the unknown sample and the formaldehyde turned green substance that dichromate oxidise the primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, and aldehydes to ketones or carboxylic acids.Samples turning green would be an indicator that the samples are positive for oxidation and therefore are oxidizable. On the other hand, the acetone remained orange which means that it is not oxidizable and can be further continued to another test, the DPNH test which would prove that it is categorized as a ketone because of the presence of a red-orange precipitate that indicates that the DPNH reagent condenses with the carbonyl containing molecules. The second test that followed the Dichromate test was the Tollens test.In this test, the unknown sample turned clear white-haired(a) and the formaldehyde turned into a dark grey liquid with silver streaks. The silver streaks are similar with the silver mirror coat that means that the Tollens reagent oxidi zed the ammonium salts of the carboxylic acids with this, the formaldehyde was categorized as an aldehyde. Alternatively, The clear grey liquid of the unknown sample would indicate that it was not positive for the Tollens test and therefore it would need to continue to be tested so as to decipher if it is a primary or secondary alcohol.The last test would be the Lucas test in which the unknown sample did not turn turbid and therefore it was concluded to be a primary alcohol. Together with the unknown sample that did not turn turbid was isopropyl and MeOH which just remained as clear liquids. then again, the sample liquid that turned turbid was the tertbutyl. By this reaction, it is said that alcohols are converted to alkyl chlorides with ZnCl2 taking into consideration too that different alcohol types respond at different rates with ZnCl2. Table 1. Chemical Test Unknown sample Standard (+) Standard(-) Dichromate *unknown sample turned green *formaldehyde turned green meaning *Aceto ne remained orange meaning it meaning it it oxidizable it is oxidizable is not oxidizable Tollens *unknown sample turned clear gray *formaldehyde turned dark gray with*acetone turned very light grey silver streaks. then turned clear. Lucas *unknown sample did not turn turbid*Tertbutyl-turned turbid fast *Acetone- lick already not *Isopropyl-clear applicable since it is a ketone. *MeOH-clear Experimentation A. An unknown sample was given and it should be parallel tested with two other standards- one would be positive and one would be negative.B. The Dichromate test started the experiment. 8 drops of the unknown sample as well as the the two other standard- formaldehyde and Acetone was placed in separate test tubes addind 2 drops of of 10% K2Cr2O7 and 5 drops of 6M H2SO4. C. The Tollens test followed. 2 ml of freshly made Tollens reagent and 5 droops of the unknown sample were mixed. After 5 minutes and the silver precipitate did not form yet, it was placed in a 70 degr ee irrigate bath for another 5 minutes. Then the results were observed. D.The last test was the Lucas test in which the iunknown sample, tertbutyl, isopropyl and MeOH was tested all at the same time. 5 drops of the sample was and 15 drops of concentrated HCl was mixed together with a corn grain amount of ZnCl2 solid and the appearance of turbidity was observed or not. Conclusion It can be concluded that the unknown sample that was given to be tested was an oxidizable, primary alcohol based on the tests that were conducted. Since it was positive for the dichromate test, it was deemed to be oxidizable.In the Tolles test, as it did not produce a mirror coat, it was directed to the choice of being a primary or a secondary alcohol. And for the last test, the Lucas test, it was finally concluded that it was a primary alcohol since it did not turn turbid. References Books Timberlake, Karen C. , General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Structures of Life,Platinum Edition, Pearson Educat ion, Inc. , 2004 Bettelheim, F. A. , et al. , Introduction to organic and biochemistry. 6th ed. ? Belmont, CA Brooks/Cole, c2007 Wade, L.G. , . Organic chemistry 6th ed. . Upper Saddle River, N. J. Pearson Prentice Hall, c2006. Additional On-line sources 1 Clarks, j. (2003). Alcohol oxidation. Retrieved September 8 2008 from http//www. chemguide. co. uk/organicprops/alcohols/oxidation. html 2 N. A, (24 supercilious 2008). Ketones. Wikipedia. Retrieved September 8 2008 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Ketones 3 N. A, (31 August 2008). Aldehydes. Wikipedia. Retrieved September 8 2008 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aldehydes

Behavior Observation Report

Cody, my nine-year old cousin, was observed during a period of interaction with his 42-year old acquire and some of his peers who be generally at the same age as he is. The observation was conducted at their home during the free time of the boy in the afternoon. Observation Cody was compete along with his peers and sharing his Playstation 2 console with the group. A moment came when Cody was directly renovateing against one of his peers, then his take suddenly called him and instructed him to go to the kitchen in an agitate tone. Cody seemed really annoyed for a succession but eventually came to his mother to listen to what she had to say.Cody asked for what reason he was called for. His mother suddenly became quite agitated while pointing to some dirty clothes lying on the floor. His mother then shouted at him, Whats wrong with you? All you do when you get to play with your friends is forget about how to do things properly. Why did you change your clothes and leave them at pla ces where they should non be found? Clean up your mess at one time Cody obliged although evidently angry as seen through his facial expression. After hastily completing the task, he went back to his friends and continued the game.After a few minutes, his mother came to their play atomic number 18a and immediately shouted, What is this mess all about? I spend every morning tidying up this place and you and your friend constantly offend the arrangements and make everything so dirty. Clean this place this instant Cody was infuriated at that point and shouted shut up while cleaning the place when his mother finally left the place. Upon hearing the voice of his mother, I observed that his mood changes from relatively friendly to an irritated one. Expectedly, his mother called him again. Cody was obviously murmuring shut up over and over as he went towards his mother. Incidentally, upon seeing Cody, his mother said, Would you like some snacks? Cody precisely nodded, apparently st ill showing quite an angry show and mood. He got the chocolate bar and went back to watching television. Another similar scenario occurred, wherein he was irritated by the call of his mother even though she just offered him some juice. Observer Response In the context of classical conditioning (CC), a special or unconditioned stimuli (US) and the secondary or conditioned stimuli (CS) are both defined as vital parts of the learning process.In relation to these, the conditional receipt (CR) and unconditional response (UR) are of course also present. The primary or unconditioned stimulus is the events of scolding of his mother. The unconditional response, as a result, is the hostility and elicit that Cody expresses during these scolding events. Due to the fact that such events occur at quite an often interval, Cody was observed to exhibit the same reactions towards his mother that he expresses during scolding events, even if such events are not yet occurring.For instance, hostility and anger are exhibited even at times when Cody simply hears the voice of his mother. Thus, the secondary or conditioned stimulus is the voice of his mother. Although definitely related to the events wherein he is call forthed, it does not necessarily mean that each time his mother calls him, he would get yelled at. This is well understood during the events wherein even though his mother did not reprimand him, upon hearing her voice, Cody entered quite an aggressive state. It is also worthy to note that even though Cody accepted both offers of refreshments, he never shifted to a more benignant outlook.The presence of a consistent expression of irritation upon hearing his mothers voice regardless of reason has become a conditional response in this case. Since the response, which involves signs of anger and related emotions, is exhibited regardless of the unconditional stimuli, which are basically the scolding events, it can then be inferred that CC occurred. Also, it is important to keep in mind that the neutral stimulus, his mothers voice, has completely become the CS, which further proves the presence of CC.Opinion CC, otherwise known as Pavlovian conditioning, is considered to be one of the trailblazer concepts of learning. Currently however, it has definitely lost much of its appeal upon the conceptualization of operant conditioning, which serves a more common role and purpose in society as it is seen to be more applicable in general. Usually viewed for its applications on animals, CC was actually developed from experiments using a dog thus, the way of ideateing regarding CC is rather understandable.The real reason as to why it is considered more for training animals is that animals commonly have a noncomplex method of thinking. This suggests that due to the complex ability and power of human reasoning, CC is not that effective. Even with the points stated, it is still undeniable that humans are capable of being affected with CC. As with the observed trend in the emotional state of Cody, by simply hearing the voice of his mother, it seems that CC occurs at more common scenarios than usually thought.Although there is a possibility for Cody to think about the fact that hearing his mothers voice does not always result in negative scenarios, his frequent exposure to such seems to have caused him to react to it in a fixed manner. Therefore, even though mainly associated with zoological applications as stated, the CC theory still holds true even for humans for certain cases and is belike manifested through various emotional responses in more common ways than usually considered.

Research Paper About Daily Activities of Nurses in Hospital.

1. 0 INTRODUCTION I propose to reflect the attitude, association and experiences of cherishs on prioritizing shelter measures in carry off of the end diligent in an acute hospital setting. I am originateicularly interested in this field as I worked in a hospice during semester sever where p each(prenominal)iative safeguard of the dying concentrated on the quality of life of the enduring. When the prognosis for the long-suffering was close at hand(predicate) death, c atomic number 18 was foc occasiond on reducing the severity of the disease symptoms rather than in vain trying to tour or delay development of the disease itself or provide a cure.When the prognosis for a diligent is imminent death, hospice assist concentrates on the quality of life of the long-suffering, reducing the severity of the disease symptoms rather than vainly trying to treat the disease itself. To assist in speech of this type of quality end-of-life commission to patients in acute hospitals the Alor Setar Hospital developed a Hospice Friendly Hospital programme (HFH). This HFH developed the Quality Standards for End-of-Life anxiety in Hospitals to set out a shared vision for the type of end-of life oversee that all(prenominal) hospital should aim to provide.This development is signifi guttert as almost 50% of those who take place in Kedah die in hospital and make out of the dying in Alor Setar hospitals, while regarded as good, is described as care at the end of life rather than end-of-life care because the care seems to lack an effective moderating care component LITERATURE REVIEW To investigate international perspectives on end-of-life care, the current international literature was criticismed employ the unwrap themes of identifying the dying phase, ease care and symptom instruction for the dying patient.It was conclude from the literature review that nurses and aesculapian staff often differed in their approach to care of the dying patient and this hindered effective delivery of end-of-life-care. Education on end-of-life care was recommended in the literature as being a solution to the problems in delivering this care even though look into had non been done on the status quo in education. search PROBLEMBefore planning such specific education programmes, it would seem necessary to conduct investigate studies to establish the education and training levels of nurses and doctors in end-of-life care and to establish if attitudes and experience in like manner influence the medical and nursing models in the delivery of this care. This research proposal is concerned with the nursing model and it proposes to establish what influences the nurses approach in delivering end-of-life care. METHODOLOGY A duodecimal approach using a descriptive design is proposed for this prove.Questionn institutionalizees entrust be used as the information assembling method with a unsophisticated random example of 200 staff nurses employed in a Alor Seta r hospital being selected as participants in the study. RESEARCH QUESTION The research problem leads to the following research head What are the attitude, intimacy and experience of nurses on prioritizing pacifier measures for dying patients in an acute hospital? OBJECTIVES (i) To establish the attitude of nurses on prioritizing ottoman measures for dying patients. ii) To establish if nurses knowledge of prioritizing comfort measures for dying patients is adequate. (iii) To establish if nurses experience in prioritizing comfort measures for dying patients is significant. 2. 0 METHODOLOGY Introduction to question Methodology The methodology selected for the proposed study ordain be detailed here. The planned research design, methods of audition selection, data collection and analysis of results will be explained. respectable considerations for this particular research study will also be detailed.It is hoped that the chosen methodology will refund useful information throug h the collection and analysis of data on the attitude, knowledge and experiences of staff nurses on the effect of comfort measures in care of the dying patient in the acute hospital setting. Research Design The research design of a study outlines the basic approach that detectives use to answer their research question (Polit & Beck 2010). To meet the aims and objectives of the study it is important that the researcher selects the most appropriate design for achieving the aims of the study (Parahoo 2006).The quantitative approach arises from the belief that human phenomena and variables in human behaviour can be studied objectively (Parahoo 2006) and so this approach has been chosen as an appropriate research method. three-figure research uses a intractable design that organises in advance the research question and a detailed method of data collection and analysis (Robson 2007). It is proposed that this check over will collect details of the current attitude, knowledge and experi ence of nurses on comfort care of the dying patient.The method of data collection chosen is a written questionnaire, allowing large sample size without major expense, to produce quantitative data that can be analysed by statistical reckoner programmes, Population/sample Parahoo (2006, p. 258) defines a population as the total reduce of units from which data can potentially be collected. The population in this study will be staff nurses working in the acute hospital setting in Ireland. This population will be delimited to a unvarying conference of subjects through inclusion/exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria Registered general staff nurses who work in the acute-care setting. exclusion criteria Staff nurses working with children Agency staff nurses Staff nurses, fitting the above criteria, from a large capital of Ireland acute hospital will be chosen as a smaller convenience group of the target population. It is then proposed to select a simple random probability sample (fr om the convenience sample). monitor lizard et al. (2010) maintain that the use of probability sampling in quantitative research reduces errors and biases in the study. Sampling is the guide for by which researchers select a proportion of the target population, as the study population, to represent the entire unit.It is to a greater extent practical and economical to work with samples rather than with large target populations (Polit & Beck 2010). The researcher will obtain the label of all eligible nurses from the Human Resources Department in the hospital. This list of nurses will form a sample lay from which the researcher will select nurses at random by assigning a number to each name and picking the numbers out of a hat. Data collection Quantitative data are collected to classify and describe attributes, behaviours and activities of populations according to Parahoo (2006).Data collection should be objective, self-opinionated and repeatable (Lacey 2010). Robson (2007) mainta ins that a researcher should use the simplest manner of collecting the data to get answers to the research question and should not collect any more data than necessary. Mindful of these conditions the data collection instrument selected for this study is a questionnaire. Questionnaires A questionnaire is a method of data collection that haves participants to demonstrate written or verbal replies to a written set of questions (Parahoo 2006).It is a quick,convenient and inexpensive method of collecting standardised information . A questionnaire can be used to collect information on attitudes,knowledge and experience of staff (Parahoo 2006). A incorporate writtenquestionnaire that uses a quantitative self-report technique, as outlined by Polit & Beck (2010), will be used to collect data in this study. The questionnaire will have three parts (see Appendix ). Part A of the questionnaire will use a Likert-type scale to gather data on the attitudes of nurseson the effect of comfort in c are of the dying.The questionnaire will consist of positively and negatively worded statements with six different response options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. positively charged statements are scored one to six (one for strongly agree through to six for strongly disagree) and scores are reversed for negative statements. The score for each item will be reported individually. Parts B and C will use a fill the nook format and will gather data on the knowledge and experience of nurses on comfort care of the dying respectively. ETHICAL CONSIDERATION match to Polit and Beck (2010), researchers must deal with ethical issues when their intended research involves human beings. Ethical approval will be requested in writing from the Director of Nursing (as gatekeeper) and the Hospital Ethics Committee of the hospital complex in the research . As gatekeeper, the director of Nursing must be made aware of all nursing research victorious place in the organisation to monit or the effect of all such projects taking place. She will also need to be convinced of the value of the research and the competency of the researcher (Lee 2005).The main ethical principles that will be considered in conducting this research study are respect for persons, confidentiality and kind-heartedness /non-maleficence. 3. 0 PROPOSED OUTCOME Following this proposed study, a report will be compiled discussing all aspects of the research mould including the results, limitations and benefits. It is anticipated that the results of the study will give an indication of nurses attitude, knowledge and experience in the domain of comfort care of the dying in Ireland and charge where interventions are needed through education, training or management.It is also anticipated that the findings of the research study will reveal if other factors such as attitude or experience impact on the effective delivery of care of the dying patient. It is anticipated that these results will sum to rec ommendations in future nursing employment, nurse education and research and that this will in turn drop dead palliative care richlyer up on the agenda of the nursing profession in general. This study will have limitations as it will be conducted in only one acute hospital. It will give a general overview of the current attitude, knowledge and experience of nurses in this hospital.The researcher recommends that other studies, two quantitative and qualitative be carried out in hospitals in other Irish cities so that a more general picture could be established of end-of-life nursing care in acute hospitals in Ireland. Qualitative research is explanatory and descriptive in nature and so it could help in ascertain the nature of the phenomena being studied (Barroso, 2010) and consequently give a more complete picture of care of the dying. It is the intention of the researcher to share the findings of the study with management of the partaking hospital and the schools of nursing and m idwifery in Ireland.It is hoped that this will highlight the necessity of planning on-going education and training for nurses in end-of-life care. To present the research report to a broader audience the researcher intends applying for publication of the study report in relevant nursing journals. Time ordered series A clear and practical time scale is necessary to facilitate the organisation and coordination of each introduce of the research process and the successful integration of the stages (Cormack, 1991). An 18 month period is proposed as the time frame for this study and a detailed integrated time plan is included in appendix .Resources An estimated figure account for the proposed study is outlined in appendix. 4. 0 APPENDIX Part A Questionnaire on attitudes Directions lay aside your opnion whether agree or not. 1. Nurses are capable of identifying that a patient is dying. 2. I would not like the responsibleness of identifying a patient as dying. 3. Nurses cannot cease ro utine care for the dying patient without permission from a doctor. 4. The length of time taken to care for a dying patient is vitally important. 5. Nurses should not give dying patients honest answers about their condition. 6.End stage palliative care does not do anything for the patient. 7. The centralise of care should be adapted when death becomes imminent. 8. When a patient has been identified as dying a do not resuscitate order should be placed on his/her chart. 9. Nurses play a key role in helping patients die in comfort. 10. cherish care for the dying patient should not replace routine nursing practice. 11. I would not like to care for a dying patient. 12. Comfort care will enhance the dying patients quality of life. 13. Specialist palliative care aggroups are never necessary to deal with a dying patient. 14.Symptom control for the dying patient is not the nurses responsibility. 15. When nursing a dying patient it is good practice, when possible, to frequently ask them abo ut symptom control. 16. Symptom control guidelines are necessary for delivering optimal end-of-life care. 17. Nurses cannot manage symptom control in the dying phase. 18. The dying patients physical needs should be decided by them when possible. 19. Dignity of a patient is not more important that effective care. 20. Administration of opioids by elbow room of a syringe driver is often an essential measure in symptom control. Part B Knowledge Questionnaireenthral answer all the following questions by ticking the appropriate box to indicate the answer you consider to be correct. Tick one box only. 1. The decision that a patient is dying should be made by a multidisciplinary team. Correct __ Incorrect__ 2. There is a need for specialist palliative care teams to be complicated with every dying patient. Correct__ Incorrect__ 3. The dying person should not be allowed to make decisions about his/her physical care. Correct__ Incorrect__ 4. Treatment procedures should be continued even when the patient is dying. Correct__ Incorrect__ 5.Routine nursing practice should not take precedence over a patients comfort. Correct__ Incorrect__ 6. Dehydration is a expression part of the dying process. Correct__ Incorrect__ 7. Frequent repositioning of a dying patient is not always desirable. Correct__ Incorrect__ 8. When a patient is diagnosed as dying current medication should be reassessed and non-essentials discontinued. Correct__ Incorrect__ 9. Use of opioids is appropriate to control bruise for the dying patient. Correct__ Incorrect__ 10. Symptoms of increased chest secretions and terminal agitation are unavoidable in dying patients. Correct__ Incorrect__ 1. regularisation of bowel movements is often a problem for a dying patient. Correct__ Incorrect__ 12. Retention of urine is more apt(predicate) than urine incontinence in the dying patient. Correct__ Incorrect__ 13. All dying patients will be at high risk of skin breakdown. Correct__ Incorrect__ 14. Breathless is a com mon symptom in the dying phase. Correct__ Incorrect__ 15. General comfort care should not take precedence over skin care. Correct__ Incorrect__ 16. Maintaining a fluid balance nature for the dying patient is important. Correct__ Incorrect__ 17. The dying patient should not be coaxed to eat.Correct__ Incorrect__ 18. It is appropriate to control pain in the dying phase by use of both analgesia and sedation. Correct__ Incorrect__ 19. An acute episode in a chronically ill patient may represent a terminal event. Correct__ Incorrect__ 20. Reducing the respiratory rate can relieve breathlessness for the dying patient by reducing anxiety. Correct__ Incorrect__ Part C Experience survey Section 1 Please answer each question by ticking the appropriate box. 1. Please indicate your number of years nursing experience. 1-5 years 5-10 years 10-15 years 15-20 years 20 years 2. perplex you received pre-registration education in end-of-life care? Yes No 3. Have you received post-registration educati on in end-of-life care? Yes No Section 2 35 The following section concerns your experience in delivering comfort care to dying patients. Please indicate your answer to the question by placing a number in the box which corresponds to your experience (see answer guide). Answer guide 0 1 2 3 4 5 never 1 5 quantify 510 times 1015 times 15 20 times 20 times 1. I have been present as a nurse when a patient has died. 2. I have been in charge of nursing care for a dying patient. 3.I have used an integrated care pathway for end-of-life care. 4. I have been part of an interdisciplinary team that identified a patient as dying. 5. I have collaborated with an interdisciplinary team in delivering end-of-life care for a dying patient. 6. I have nursed a dying patient with a do not resuscitate order. 7. I have set up a syringe driver for subcutaneous administration of anticipatory appointive medications to a dying patient. 8. I have administered prescribed opiate drugs to a dying patient to cont rol pain. 9. I have administered prescribed drugs to a dying patient to control respiratory secretions. 0. I have administered prescribed drugs to a dying patient to control breathlessness. 11. I have been involved in cessation of artificial hydration for a dying patient. 12. I have been involved in cessation of artificial feeding for a dying patient. 13. I have dealt with nausea and vomiting episodes for a dying patient. 14. I have managed constipation problems for a dying patient. 15. I have inserted a urinary catheter to manage urine retention for a dying patient. 16. When caring for a dying patient I have been involved making the decision to cease routine care and focus on comfort care. 7. I have managed physical comfort measures for a dying patient with the provision of an air mattress. 18. I have discussed the prognosis of dying with a patient in the dying phase 19. I have acted as advocate for a dying patient when he/she needed their wishes to be comprehend regarding treatm ent. 20. I have negotiated a cessation of diagnostic interventions for a dying patient Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire. I sincerely value the important contribution that you have made to knowledge development in this area.

Principles of marketing Essay

explicate the various elements of the tradeing process. grocerying is the group to e very wholeness is unresolved to the trade daily even when they do not know it and billboards enclosed the nation. These parts rationalise that an col into the world market and different aspects and you will pay attention about trade intermix. In emerging the clients argon recognized and place among the cross chains with selling research and only ift joint market and to achieve a particular message to particular customer and also one should amaze everyday with direct market. The internet merchandising is one of the additional recent trends that many compositions.The solution for a no-hit selling effort is maintaining a train of customer liking while at the same cartridge holder creating a pro satisfy for association. The merchandise is a concept that it is developing the new market. They are also cognise as four Ps. The important for an association to have a grave sagacity and every element is main developing a marketing computer program. In the marketing mix in that location are four elements that build up the marketing process. They are Figure 1Price on that point are several substances to terms a convergence and have a look at a number of them try to recognize the best strategy in various situations. Such spirited prices are taper for comfort as cunard cruises, hotel rooms and concorde flights. Figure 2 Pricing Strategies MatrixThe price is primed for intersections and servicings and also was located at the artificially secondary in order to growth market sell is known as penetration pricing. The providence pricing is no additions of the scurvy price and personify of marketing and create are reserved at a minimum. This is a charge of a high price for the reason that has a substantial competitive advantage is skimming of price. These are the four main pricing strategies premium, penetration, skimming and economy pricing. Place The w ay of distri only ifion comprises a plant of institutions which perform all the actions utilised to move a manufactured goods and its title from production to consumption. The element of Neil H.Bordens marketing mix is known as place. It is the mechanism through which goods and serve are moved from the service provider to uptaker or consumer. proceeds The product is simply the real tangible entity that may be buying and selling. The life cycle is based uponthe biological life cycle and the creation of long cessation as adult the plant begins to shrink. Promotion These is one of the four process is promotion and these includes all of tools visible(prenominal) to market for marketing communication with Neil H.Bordens marketing mix and its marketing communications has its own promotions mix is known as promotion. In the easyjet the marketing process it is one of the best successful low comprise airlines in the Europe and with achievement of the low cost subsidiary of british a irways in 2002 it has became a biggest low cost airline in Europe and it is go beyond rival ryanair to the top position. The cheek outlines the rakehell of these easyjet and the major events that occurred in the airline former(prenominal) from its foundation in 1995 and the issues of the telephone circuit representation and functioning strategies take by doing hygienic low cost airline and over settle to ready for action and ecological factors. 1(b). try the benefits and costs of a marketing orientation for the case achieve-up. The pressure to evaluate non critical costs is a constant in commercial life and the benefits of investing in the marketing among those who have seen the customers.A target scorecard was a good deal apply to evaluate the largely presentation of the cost underestimation and benefit overestimate are major sources. The strategic management impinge ons the entire association by providing direction. Sales management refers to the presidentship of th e personal selling component of an organizations marketing program. It includes the planning, performance, and control of sales programs, as well as recruiting, preparation, encouraging, and evaluating members of the sales force. The basic role of the sales manager is to develop and manage a selling program that in point of fact contributes to the achievement of the goals of the general organization. The term sales manager may be properly applied to more than a few members of an organization, including marketing executives, managers of field sales forces, zone and division managers, and product line sales administrator. This text emphasizes the role of managers that backing an eye on a field sales force. 2(a). Describe macro and micro environmental factors which square up marketing decisions. To know the tolerant range of influence on organisation some(prenominal) the inner and external.There are some of the decisions that have to make relating to these influences in order to keep the association moving ahead in line with validation plans. In thisenvironment also bring to contract the impact these may contain on the marketing mix. To do this we need to examine influences that collision on the preparation process, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Marketing environment, both macro and micro competition hearty, cultural, environmental, sparingal issues. Marketing environment is prepared of all factors and forces that influencing on the marketing, olibanum these force finish be in internal i.e. like departments and the external are like competitors, dealer, economic situation. To know them better, marketing personals separate them in both categories namely macro environment and micro-environment. Lets have a look at some of the important factors involved in marketing environment. An internal influence is an influence with the intention comes from contained by the industry and can affect the task in a variety of ways. Internal influences can be aspe ct of the working situation such as a good member of staff helping to do well and improve and member of staff access up with a new marketing idea.In do decisions, capitalist need to be as fully aware as possible of the stemmaamental economic location, both in conditions of general economic resign of affairs, and in terms of the information of the particular scheme. In order to remain money qualification, business must be aware of the situation in the particular market in which they operate.They supposed to be fully aware of the costs they are currently incurred, as well as the present and upcoming prices they anticipate for to be able to charge. A large standard of this information should be presented if records are kept of the one- age(prenominal) transactions in which the business engage. To be sure it is easier said than done to see how decisions can be made effectively unless records of this sort are kept. Business decision making usually involve choices between optio n courses of action. These option courses of action are often subject to limit of various types. Alternatives are consequently estimated, and the decision made. It is usual to then screen or check the definite decision to see whether in fact the results were in line with what was predictable. If not, questions need to be contended. Monitoring can provide useful alone around the corner into what went wrong and how to rectify it. Business decisions can cover a large amount of different things. Possible decisions might include how much of a product to sellhow much to charge for a productwhether to take over an some some some other businesswhether to close down a businesswhether to invest in a particular piece of equipmentchoosing between alternative ways of producing somethinghow much to put down on research and developmentplus a host of alternatives.External factors that may occur and influence these places on these analyses the external micro and macro environment based upon ca se study of easyjet and the basis for making planned management decisions using the assumption and proposal. Easyjet factors in macro and micro environment customer profiles are a host of explanation in the responsible for diversify the cover of its external influence that affect internal decisions and presentation in the easyjet. 2(b). Propose segmentation criteria to be used for products in different markets. Market segmentation is the process of classified appoint groups or segments at heart the common market that share special(prenominal) characteristics and consumer way of life. Once the market is broken into segments, companies can develop promotional material programs for each segment, counselling forwarding on one or two segments, new products to supplication to one or more of the segments.Companies often support this technique of market to the one size fits of all mass marketing approach, because it allows them to aim peculiar(prenominal) groups that might not be ac hieved by mass marketing agenda. To identify segments, marketers study consumer interests, taste, starting choice, and socioeconomic characteristics in order to decide their outline of consumption and how they will react to different marketing approach. The near important information marketers seek consumers purchase particular products but not others. List of seller and rightful(a) marketing firms build up some of the key users of market segmentation, even though many other kinds of companies and association use this technique. Market segmentation also called micromarketing make things easier the marketing process, because it allows marketers to give attention to their publicity on groups of consumers who divide major characteristics. Marketers, as a result, can produce particular proposition publicity gear towards specific segments otherwise marketers have to create very general advertising and expect that it will appeal to a diverse audience. Market segmentation also can be mo re efficient than traditional marketing techniques such as product separation. For thereason that marketers focus their marketing on particular segments, they can look forward to better results from each segment than they could expect from these consumer groups if delighted as a whole. In these the different segmentation and aiming methods are used in these criteria of an organisations if the monopolist is capable to perfectly segment. Four key criterions are used to evaluate easyJet strategic marketing success. Strong Financial Performance.Shareholder value is finally driven by bottom line economic success, which at easyJet has been energy by capacity expansion, cost control and tapping in to highly price sensitive segments of the market. Express Sales growth between 1998 and 2003 revenues grew by a factor of twelve and profits grew by a factor of almost nine. Cash formation with the mindset of an aggressive start-up, easyJet has not paid a payment to date, prefer to retain profi ts to fund upcoming development. In 2003, the company had enough cash reserves to fund a arrant(a) grade of operations. Exponential Market Share Growth. 2(c) Choose and explain targeting strategy for the product/service in the case organization. The target market is collection of customers that business has confined to reach the object of the marketing efforts and eventually its intersection and also a well confined target market is first of aspect to their marketing strategy. A target market and marketing merge variables of product promotion and price are the two elements of marketing become one strategy.In a business classes on market strategy regularly ask over for the participants the questions like who are the customers for u? Who will buy your products? and also it assumptions can lead to senseless pricing and incorrect market strategy and at the end of the day business failure. The majority of crushed businesses are more successful and we can easily know that there is onl y a modified number of persons purchase their products. In this easyjet the past case study was taken from e-business and e-commerce management volume. Easyjet has report of target market was reduced in customers but the easyjet have problem with weather. Easyjet has low-cost airline for the people who travels daily. 2(d). analyse how buyer behaviour affects marketing activities in different buying situations. Marketing activities are nothing but how you are going to handle the marketing mix price, product, place, promotion, evidence in order to market product effectively. The different activities involved in handling the above talk about comprise the marketing activities.Consumer Markets and Consumer vendee Behaviour Learning Goals Define the consumer market and construct a model of consumer buyer behaviour hang the four factors that influence buyer behaviour List and understand the types of buying decision behaviour and stages in the process Describe the adoption and diffusio n process for new products Case Study Harley Davidson Building supremacy Understanding the customers emotions and motivation Determining the factors of loyalty.Translating this information to effective advertising Measuring Success Currently 22% of all United states bike sales. Demand above supply Sales doubled in the past 5 years with earnings tripled.Thus, the marketing management seeks to affect the level and nature of demand in companies such as easyjet and dyson achieved success by on the face of it breaking all marketing activities, such as buy one and get one free price than buyer activities starts with a consumer social position and lifestyle. 2(e). Propose new market positioning for a selected product/service. Products that are not the first by being the first to maintain a unique position in the mind the consumer, a firm in actual fact can cut through the noise level of other products. That is, the number one product has twice the market share of number two, which has tw ice the market share of number three. Ries and Trout argue that the success of a firebrand is not due to the high level of marketing acumen of the company itself, but rather, it is due to the fact that the company was first in the product category. They use the case of Xerox to make this point. Xerox was the first plain-paper copier and was able to sustain its leadership position. However, time after time the company failed in other product categories in which it was not first. For example, Miller wakeful was not the first light beer, but it was the first to be positioned as a light beer, complete with a name to support that position. Similarly, Lowenbrau was the most popular German beer sold in America, but Becks Beer successfully carved a unique position using the advertising, Consumers rank brands in their minds.If a brand is not number one, then to be successful it somehow must relate itself to the number one brand. A campaign that pretends that the market leader does not exis t is likely to fail. Avis tried unsuccessfully for years to win customers, pretending that the number one Hertz did not exist. Finally, it began using the line. 3(a). Explain how products are develop to sustain competitive advantage. This makes the product so it can be brought out into the marketin stages instead of all at once. The product can spin the first time you bring it out to the market. The coterminous time it can not only rotate, but now it can turn over. Even though you have the means to make it do all these things first time you made the product. In this way your customers see it as always improving and getting better instead of getting bored with the product because it was all wrapped up in one big bang. This will also help keep the competitor guessing on what else is to come as a step inment for of building a product. 3(b). Explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience. Customer Satisfaction United Kingdoms study of help to get and maintain t he highest levels of service, ensuring total customer satisfaction and loyalty to company. consult you at every stage of the project, we develop a unique solution to your needs, and by linking our recommended customer satisfaction activities to business documentary our in house interviewers are intellectual, experienced qualified who are expert at collecting worthless customer feedback. One of our key strengths, they serve as excellent. ambassadors on behalf of our clients.A common definition of customer satisfaction is that it is a measure of the extent to which a companys products or services effect or exceed customers expectations. Customers can become dissatisfied with a companys products or services for a wide variety of reasons. 3(c). Explain how prices are set to reflect an organisations objectives and market conditions. The purpose of the present study is to explore the pricing methods that service companies adopt in order to set their prices, along with the service, orga nizational and environmental characteristics that influence these methods. Methodology To achieve the research objectives, data were collected through personal interviews in 170 companies operating in six different services sectors in Greece. 3(d). Illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives. Establishing objectives and budgeting for the promotional program. Importance of objectives, specific objectives, relations of planning and decision making, measurement and evaluation, characteristics of objectives are SpecificAttainableMeasurableRealistic quantitative andMarketing ObjectivesNormally stated in the firms marketing plan. Realized through the boilers suit marketing plan. Experimental, such as sales, market share. To be able in a given occlusive of time must be practical and achievable to be effective. 3(e). Analyse the additional elements of the blanket(a) marketing mix. The marketing mix is the combination of marketing activities that an association connected in as to best come to the needs of its targeted market. Habitually the marketing mix consisted of just 4 Ps. they areProduces products that are of the highest quality and fit for the needs of different groups of consumers. Offers a range of cars at value for money prices, depending on the market segmented they are targeted at. Sells the cars through appropriate outlets such as dealerships and showrooms in prime locations, i.e. in the right places, and Supports the marketing of the products through appropriate promotional and advertising activity. The marketing mix thus consists of four main elements1. Product2. Price3. Place4. Promotion.Getting the mix of these elements right enables the association to meet its marketing objectives and to satisfy the requirements of customers. In addition to the traditional four Ps it is now customary to add some more Ps to the mix to give us Seven Ps. The additional Ps have been added because today marketing is distant more customer oriented than ever before, and because the service sector of the economy has come to dominate economic activity in this country. These 3 extra Ps are particularly relevant to this new extended service mix. The three extra Ps are1. Physical layout in the days when manufacturing dominated the UK economy the physical layout of production units such as factories was not very important to the end consumer because they never went inside the factory. However, today consumers typically come into contact with products in retailunits and they expect a high level of presentation in recent shops e.g. record stores, clothes shops etc. Not only do they need to easily find their way around the store, but they also often expect a good standard or presentation. 2. Provision of customer service customer service lies at the heart of modern service industries.Customers are likely to be loyal to organizations that serve them well from the way in which a telephone query is handled, to dir ect face-to-face interactions. Although the have a nice day approach is a bit corny, it is certainly better than a couldnt care less approach to customer relations. address centre staff and customer interfacing personnel are the front line troops of any organization and therefore need to be thoroughly familiar with good customer relations practice. 3. Processes associated with customer service are a number of processes involved in making marketing effective in an organization e.g. processes for handling customer complaints, processes for identifying customer needs and requirements, processes for handling order etc The 7 Ps price, product, place, promotion, physical presence, provision of service, and processes comprise the modern marketing mix that is particularly relevant in service industry, but is also relevant to any form of business where meeting the needs of customers is given priority. 4(a). Plan marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer markets. But different customers have different needs, and it rarely is possible to make happy all.Many of the consumer market segmentation variables can be applied to it can also be used to help a manager implement his/her own media plan. On one or two narrow market segments and tailoring your marketing mix to strategic marketing chapter objectives prelude case abject little rich. Objectives and issues of marketing strategy and marketing mix and action programmers in one consumer packaged goods category, 44 percent of consumers with different market segments and individual customers. To request the link at a different e-mail address, update it here consumer markets individuals purchasing goods/services for their personal use businesses plan the introduction of new products to replace existing ones before they become could destroy the producers marketing mix this paper assesses the marketing mix of both easyJet and Ryanair, coke and pepsi have since been competing to rein the global market in consumer b everages. cuando se trata de marketing, plan and define their marketing mix to meet the particular needs of different marketsegments. 4(b). Illustrate differences in marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumers. Business marketing is the observe of marketing the products or services to the other companies, resell the products or services, use the products in combination with their own used products in their business process. In compare, consumer marketing is marketing directed toward the consumer, or the individual end user. The essentials of both the types of marketing are fundamentally the same, but the issues faced can be different. All marketers select target markets and base their marketing decisions, such as price, type of promotion and distribution based on those target markets. But the nature of business purchasing is influenced by several decision makers, professional buyers and the potential for one. 4(c). Show how and why international marketing dif fers from domestic marketing. If you talk in general, both the terms Global and global marketing are used interchangeably at the present time. But if you are talking in terms of marketing theories, International Marketing was a stage in the evolution of Global Marketing.Domestic Marketing Companies manufacturing products and selling those within the country itself. So, no international phenomenon at all. Export Marketing Company starts exporting products to another countries also. This is the very basic stage of global marketing. Approach of marketer in this stage is said to be ethnocentric because although he is selling goods to foreign countries, product development is totally based upon the taste of local customer. So, focus is still on domestic market. International Marketing Now, company starts selling products to various countries and the approach is Polycentric that is making different products for different countries. So, one main difference between International and the Gl obal marketing is the come close to marketer. A truly global business instead of offering different products to different countries increases and offers a single product to the world. ConclusionAfter consideration of all factors of marketing management parts explain that an opening into the world market and different aspects and you will pay attention about marketing mix. In this marketing mix there are seven process of marketing management. And finally it is concluded by the PEST analysis of micro and macro environmental factors that are influenced by marketingdecisions. Need an essay? You can buy essay help from us today