Land for Human Needs or Endangered Animals

Some people may own the idea that since animal is inferior to human beings, human has the rights to deprive lands which the animals living in. I can not confute that human needs lands eagerly, however, we still have the responsibility to call back the endangered animals. Species evolved slowly with thousands of hundreds of centuries of development. Certain species has certain type of living. As a result, hardly can it be alive when we suddenly changed its living pace. Certainly we know it, whereas, we are still changing their living place by cutting down trees, polluting the water, and using land which originally belongs to theirs to build metropolitans for us to stay. Now that human can be aware of the danger the animals are facing, we should protect the habitats of endangered animals. Another important reason to protect endangered animals is that they keep the ecological balance of the very area which might be harmed by their extinction. For instance, if people destroy the forests the birds are living in and use it for growing crops, the number of pests will increase sharply, resulting from the decrease of birds. The result is, not only did birds lose their homes, human have also be harmed. Thus, to prevent this kind of tragedy happen, why not try to cut down the demand of land? Maybe you just did a tiny thing, but you made a big progress. Moreover, I think it is cruel to show the specimen of a panda to our descendants, or point to a sample in a museum and tell them this is the Siberian tiger. We are able to see the real one while they cannot, and the cause of this inequality is owing to the destruction of land. What a shame! Therefore, I cannot agree with the idea that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals.

Homosexuality in football Essay

Chapter One: Introduction: Addressing Homophobia in Football   Introduction should just give a brief idea of what work is going to be about so not much detail   Outline your argument – footballers affect society so a lack of homosexual players is also bound to affect the way it is portrayed   Talk about the problems surrounding football – i. e. racism, sexism. What is different about homophobia?   Why is homophobia a problem in football? Why is it taboo? Talk about programmes enforced to help combat it; i. e.just mention Stonewall, different programmes etc   Outline the different chapters you will be writing in the diss: i. e. I will be looking at (describe chapter 2) Only needs to be a page long, maybe a little longer. Basically outline your argument and refer back to your question, mention problems in football – why homophobia is taboo / big problem, talk about programmes (briefly) and then outline what you’ll be talking about in each chapter. FINALLY say at the end what you hope to conclude – i. e. homophobia is a big problem, it does affect society, what can be done? I intend to explore homosexuality within the footballing world, and how, if at all, its representative’s views on it affect those of societies. Football is Britain’s national sport, engrained into every aspect of our culture, and as such players are role models that transcend all classes, colours and creeds; so why do such a minute percentage feel it is a safe environment in which to be openly homosexual? Are the individuals involved simply inherently homophobic, or are there more deep-rooted explanations? I will be looking in chapter two at masculinity and where homosexuality lies within it, focusing particularly on the theories surrounding footballs role in reproducing a hegemonic masculine environment. Over the last 20-30 years it has become more fashionable to explore the varying moulds of masculinity, and I will observe footballs relationship with these developments. The differences on and off the pitch are also of relevance, and can be scrutinised easily due to the massive interest in, and thus coverage of, footballing culture. Chapter three explores possible reasons behind the lack of openly homosexual professional footballers today and throughout history, primarily using player interviews and concentrating on the case of Justin Fashanu, the first professional British player to reveal their homosexuality to the public. I will also discuss the issue as an international problem, which is not isolated to Britain and the Premier League. Finally, an evaluation of footballers as role models in our culture at present forms the basis of chapter four – how exactly do their views affect society’s’? ADD IN WHEN WRITTEN CHAPTER The industry has managed to overcome various other serious issues, such as racism and sexism, so what is it doing to combat homophobia? Since many efforts by the F. A. to address homophobia have been deemed superficial, does the F. A. even consider it as serious a problem as the aforementioned problems? The Stonewall organisation in particular has completed extensive research into the issues surrounding homophobia in football, interviewing players and fans alike, and even setting up the first gay football club. How successful has this been in drawing attention to the problem so clearly rife in the modern game, and what else can be done to encourage the changes so desperately required to come into fruition? I hope to discover through my research the extent to which homophobia runs in football, and by whom it is considered a problem. I am also intrigued to see how the public perceive the current situation, and how it alongside general footballing culture has influenced them, if at all.

Bent Toward Your Goal, the Whole World Will Make Way Essay

Now I am in Grade 10 and I think about the life I have spent. I come to a conclusion: everyone’s life starts similarly, but the result is different. This is because some people do not know their own goals and only do what others do. Only people who know their goals can have a meaningful life. There are many ways in my life. If I am not careful enough, I will choose the wrong way. For instance, although some people look quite busy, what they do is not meaningful because they do not know their goal! It is necessary for you to know your goal and hold on to it unless you do not want to be successful. Ants use the whole autumn to save food in order to have a good winter. Farmers work under the burning sun in order to have a good harvest. They all know their goal and hold on to it. So do I. When I was in Grade 7, I knew there would be a basketball game in Grade 8. As a student who was crazy about basketball, it was a good chance for me to help my team, so I was sure of my goal. From then on, I began to learn from others and practiced again and again. Nothing could get in my way because of my determination. Although the sun was burning, the weather was hot, I never gave up because I believed: â€Å"no pain, no gain†. Finally, our team did a good job, and it was the result that I wanted. Begin with the end in mind makes me have a definite goal, and makes me go straight towards my dream. Consequently, I advocate that everyone should begin every day with a clear direction and destination and hold on to it. This can lead you to success!

Church Reform and Religious Enthusiasm in late 11th-early 12th century Essay

Church Reform and Religious Enthusiasm in late 11th-early 12th century - Essay Example instituted was to ensure that the Church became the sole focus of all individuals in Western Europe, so that it could not only enforce its authority over the whole of Christendom, but it could also be the main arbiter between the diverse secular rulers who ruled the principalities and kingdoms of Europe. One of the most controversial issues to come about because of these reforms was lay investiture, which developed because of the determination of the Church to ensure that there was a complete removal of secular influence on clerical appointments. It was believed that lay investiture had a corrupting influence on the Church and that it was the reason why the Church had moved away from its original spiritual nature to one which was almost completely immersed in secular interests. Thus, while in the short-term the ban in lay investiture promoted the Church’s power, in the long-term, it led to the erosion of this power as powerful monarchs came to disregard the authority of the po pe. The lay investiture controversy that came about as a result of the Gregorian reforms has come to be considered as a major turning point not only in the history of the Church, but also that of Europe as well. This is because it led to a situation where the Church chose to take up the authority, which had essentially been usurped by monarchs for centuries. Lay investiture involved the practice of secular rulers conferring clerical titles to individuals without necessarily having to seek the approval of the papacy.2 It is essential to note that during the medieval period, monarchs often had almost absolute authority over the church in their domains and they used this authority to ensure that the Church did their bidding, especially through the appointment of either their relatives or strong supporters into powerful positions within it.3 Thus, archbishops, bishops, and even abbots and abbesses were often the relatives of the lay rulers to whom they owed their first loyalty before their

Paper according to readings [around 10 readings] Essay

Paper according to readings [around 10 readings] - Essay Example Third world Marxism paved the way for a multiracial movement from what developed as a deeply segregated U.S. left. In all aspects, it was Third World Marxism proved to be the best framework for converting ideologies of greats like Malcolm X and Martin Luther King into an ideological revolution. The fear is that the less developed countries are looking for vengeance against Europe. The Europe in response, won’t divide reformist forces leading the mankind to delight by flaunting the threat of a Third World. The threat that rises like a tide to engulf the whole of Europe. This notion is false! They want cooperation from them, so they can help rehabilitate the regions they kept in slavery for centuries. So even if they consider it a   repudiation to amend what they had done previously   keeping colonies of the area which are the third world the third world countries,  it will help them in many ways.   Opposition to oppression is a constant aspect of the modern world. In earlier years (before the nineteenth century) these oppressions were short-lived and hence did not affect the system very much. But later, they turned into everlasting agony for the oppressed. The movements against oppression can be categorized into two classes; replacing capitalism with socialism and replacing ethno-nationalist agenda with self-determination. However, both these movements saw state power as a crucial part of the overall agenda. It has been many years since the last world war. Despite so many conflicts occurring the world, there has not been a Third World War, the reason is more than just coincidence. The formation of the UN (even though controversial) is one of the biggest factors. But it was the resilience of the Vietnamese fueled by patriotism that defeated the US forces but the French and the Japanese before them. It is the duty of ever human to be prepared to fight for the soil. This social ideology emphasizes plurality and embraces the world

Krumboltzs Theory - Journal Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Krumboltzs Theory - Journal Critique - Essay Example The article by Thoresen, Hosford, and Krumboltz, ‘Determining Effective Models for Counseling Clients of Varying Competencies’, also highlights how the difference in the social modeling techniques also has a clear impact on the behavior of the clients and observers. The authors have used the theory suggested by Krumboltz and have based the entire research to support the theory and provide a better view of the social background and its impact (Thoresen, Hosford and Krumbolte). The Krumboltz’s case teaches clearly that one of the major factors while deciding a career plan for a group of people is to consider the race and creed and also keep in mind the previous history of learning as it would assist in better planning for the students and create a more effective career development plan. The theory by Krumboltz has a allows a chance to increase the associative learning experience and also allows the individuals to react well to factors like gender, race, creed and al so including factors like both the planned as well as unplanned occurrences as well. Another very essential factor that has been included and provided in the article by   (Spoth, Trudeau and Guyll), clearly indicates the importance of family intervention and how these interventions in the previous stages can clearly have an impact on the young adults and also abstain them from getting addicted to unhealthy habits. This also highlights, Krumboltz’s theory and contributes to the theory to quite a great extent. The article also provides a clear interlink of how the intervention of a parent or a family can lead to a delayed or no use of any substance by the young adults. Together it is essential to note that the four main factors that affect the career decision making include: a) Genetic Endowment and special abilities, b) Environmental conditions and events, c) Learning Experience and d) Task Approach Skills. Irrespective of the schools or the area where the schools are locate d the various authors and scholars have noted that the intervention of family has a major impact on the young adults and this impact can help them make very important decisions in their lives (Spoth, Trudeau and Guyll).

Critically assess the changes taking place in business approaches to Essay

Critically assess the changes taking place in business approaches to sustainability, including the roles of NGOs and national go - Essay Example However, presently, it has been noticed that the companies are developing policies and goals considering the regional and national goals and also, focus towards sustainability rather than giving importance to piecemeal. There are examples of various individual firms, which are working in collaboration with the NGOs and even government-regulated organisations, in order to achieve corporate goals sustainably (Ekwueme, Egbunike and Onyali, 2013). However, before discussing the change or shift in the business environment towards sustainability, the implication of business sustainability needs to be understood. Business sustainability is also known as the way to manage people through a set procedure by which the financial, environmental and social risks are handled and the opportunities and obligations are met. Business sustainability impacts three most significant aspects namely, planet, people and profits (Zu and Kaynak, 2012). Business health not only signifies the financial health of the company, but also the ability of the business to survive shocks. Business which creates value economically and also, contributes towards a healthy ecosystem and stable communities are considered to be a sustainable business. Further in this study, the discussion would throw light on the changes occurring in the business environment, where organisations are moving towards sustainability (Gadenne, et al., 2002). CHANGES TAKING PLACE IN BUSINESS APPROACHES TO SUSTAINABILITY Sustainability and implication of sustainable development in business The notion behind sustainable development has received increasing acknowledgment, yet it is a new concept for various business executives. A well-accepted principle is protecting the capital base of the organisation. Yet these organisations do not think of extending this practice towards the human resource or nature. Sustainable development signifies achieving those potentials which can be integrated into the measurement system and planning of the organisation. Sustainability development theory has a collaboration of various theories, which assist in bring about transformation. However, in this case, only the modernisation theory would be discussed. Modernisation theory depicts the analysis of contemporary ways to eliminate the obstacles by availing modern ways to progress (Hakala and Zsuzsanna, 2012). The manager at Chevron Corporation dealing with environmental affairs believes that environment is indeed a significant issue which presents with both opportunities as well as challenges for the business (Soderbaum, 2008.). It has been put forward by OECD that the practices and attitudes of sustainable change reveal a realistic prospect towards harmonising the economic and environmental considerations. It has been observed by managers that pursuing sustainable strategies is a sign of superior business sense (Eisenhardt, 2000). The concept of sustainable development has also been integrated into the process and policies of business, which are assisting in re-designing the management methods. Two aspects have come forward in sustainable management methods such as, accountability towards non-traditional stakeholders and continuous improvement in the reporting practices. Governance is becoming an increasingly important factor. The stakeholders’

Critical Thinking envi 423 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical Thinking envi 423 - Essay Example The US economy and particularly the value of dollar is very much dependent on the oil of the Middle East and this is the reason; she gives priority to Saudi Arabia and Israel in her foreign policy. All the readings provided during this course were marvelous and has the greatest intellect value. Moreover, the course contributed to enhance my world view and helped me to develop the analytical skill to understand the events in details. However, the following three issues contributed significantly to my learning in this course: The present age is called the ‘era of information’. Media that includes television channels, radio, newspapers, magazines, journals and World Wide Web is busy in generating knowledge for viewers, audiences and readers. The media has its own shortcomings and hence it moulds the information as it suits itself or its country. Every piece of reading or broadcast has some sort of information but this cannot be declared authentic or we can call it ‘disinformation’. Resultantly, the world view based on this ‘disinformation’ would definitely lead astray. Junline Assange coined the term ‘scientific journalism’ to deal with this menace but still this is a utopia. prolific speeches by professional orators, logical argumentations and misuse of even true information have become the hall mark of the present day media. Moreover, entertainment industry has become the largest industry of the world and even education is also being imparted through t he modern techniques of entertainment which led to the creation of new term of ‘infotainment’. All this entertainment stuff and dazzling media satisfies the sensory needs of human being and does not invoke contemplation. This fuss will end up with the emergence of psychological problems, and ideological width among human beings. There is a dire need to rein the media as it is taking undue benefit of its liberty under the tag of media freedom. Another issue that contributed

Why Do I Want to Be a Professional Counselor - Personal Goals Assignment

Why Do I Want to Be a Professional Counselor - Personal Goals - Assignment Example I currently work as a restaurant server ad a cheer coach. I love my jobs as they give me a chance to work with different kinds of people so I do not want to give them up when I go on my internship course. I need a total of 250 hours to complete the pre-practicum and practicum requirements of my program. I have informed my employers about my program. Once I have my schedule at the internship site(s), my two employers and I will work out a schedule so I can meet my practicum hours and still satisfy my obligation to them. I am hoping my bachelor’s degree, master’s degrees and current job experiences will help me be an effective youth counselor after graduation. I have already seen several schools advertising for intern counselors on the Internet. I would be paid hourly so this could help my finances. I need to start planning for my practicum as early as possible. Especially in my situation as a working student, I should be able to know early how I will be managing my time to fulfil my workload and practicum schedule. Filing for the practicum course should be done 16 weeks prior to the start of the practicum. Although I can specify a definite practicum site after filing, I would still prefer planning ahead. I was able to get my bachelor’s degree four years after high school so I would like to finish my master’s degree without delay as well. Together with time management, I need to plan early for the cost as well. Liability insurance, a requirement to start the practicum course costs a minimum coverage of $1,000.00 per claim and $3,000.00 aggregate. There is also the cost of the licensure exams. Aside from passing my school tests, I need to take and pass a licensure exam from the National Board of Certified Counselors or Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certific ation. To register for the test, I need to submit a complete application packet and the $250 fee. Once approved for a license, I need to pay either a $100 or $250 license issuance fee. Getting my license will make me eligible to work as a professional counselor. This is why meeting the state requirements is very important.  

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Contract Law - Essay Example contract law have included several clauses so that any specific situation will be easily fitted in to the case and solution will be provided by the judges after going through all the deliberations. In the present case study, it is clearly apparent that seller (The individual or organization who sells the goods to buyer) has violated the contract law provisions. The contract law states that once the agreement was made, the terms and conditions should be accurately followed with minor exceptions only with sufficient justification. Hence the buyer (on behalf of Buyer Ltd. : Tom) should file a case in the court of law to get the justice. The violation of contract law was clearly committed by the seller (on behalf of Seller Ltd. : Max) with ill intention of charging extra money of  £2800. The case can be filed against the seller as it violated both English contract law and unfair contract terms act (1977). This has been found to be in violation with the principles of European contract law (Ole Lando et al., 2003 ; The commission on European conract law, 1999) . False representation or misrepresentation may be considered as serious offence as it affects the interests of the general public involved in trade transactions severely. The seller has been indulged in false representation in claiming his bill amount for the hydraulic jack system. The English contract law also clearly prohibits the actions relating to the breach of contract (Samuel Williston, 1903). It was also found to be against the fair trading and hence comes under unfair contract terms act (1977) 1. This helps in narrowing the gap between the classic theory of contract law and social reality and hence found to be effective in providing justice to the innocent clients (Hugh Beal, 1978 ; Friedmann, 1972). The violation of terms and conditions signed at the time of contract is legally punishable and hence the parties have to bind themselves to the contract strictly 2. The buyer has to proceed to the court

Globalization of World Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Globalization of World Financial Markets - Essay Example Research finding proving the detrimental effect ÃŽ ¿f liberalization on the financial system. The Wyplosz research paper says that the evidence based on studies ÃŽ ¿f the experience with liberalization in a sample ÃŽ ¿f 27 developing and developed economies seems to be converging to the view that liberalization contributes to both banking and currency crisis.A study by Eichengreen, Andrew Rose and Wyplosz (1995) found that the presence ÃŽ ¿f capital controls reduces the possibility ÃŽ ¿f a currency crisis. This result has been confirmed in a 1999 study by Marco Rossi (IMF working paper WP/99/66) for a sample that includes developing countriesAccording to Wyplosz study, liberalization ÃŽ ¿f financial markets may be desirable in the long term, but it is risky in the short to medium term, and developing countries should approach this as a delicate step calling for cautious policy reactions, according to a research study for the Group ÃŽ ¿f 24 on International Monetary Affairs, the devel oping country grouping at the IMF and the World Bank.In theory the liberalization ÃŽ ¿f capital accounts and financial markets, promoted and pushed by the International Monetary Fund and the international financial institutions (IFIs) is different from the push at the World Trade Organization for liberalization ÃŽ ¿f trade in financial services.However, whether it be through capital account liberalization or via the liberalization ÃŽ ¿f trade in financial services, the effect on developing countries could be the same.... According to Wyplosz study, liberalization f financial markets may be desirable in the long term, but it is risky in the short to medium term, and developing countries should approach this as a delicate step calling for cautious policy reactions, according to a research study for the Group f 24 on International Monetary Affairs, the developing country grouping at the IMF and the World Bank. In theory the liberalization f capital accounts and financial markets, promo ted and pushed by the International Monetary Fund and the international financial institutions (IFIs) is different from the push at the World Trade Organization for liberalization f trade in financial services. However, whether it be through capital account liberalization or via the liberalization f trade in financial services, the effect on developing countries could be the same, particularly in the absence f major reforms to the international monetary and financial systems. In and by itself, the study finds that liberalization does not pose a lethal threat to the balance-of-payments and may carry significant long-term gains. However, he also stated that the positive influence f liberalization is not easily confirmed and most recent studies find little or no effect though some early results suggest that fast growth and financial development go hand in hand, In the case f capital account liberalization, the peak to trough decline in the output gap exceeds 20 percent. No other shock ever seems responsible for such a massive contraction. The boom exceeds the bust in magnitude, but not in length. Thus liberalization brings about an overall gain in terms f output. With the increasing

Best Meal Ever Essay Example for Free

Best Meal Ever Essay Coming home from a long shift from work, my girlfriend greeted me at the front door of our house with a big warm hug and a smile. As we catch up with our day, I smelled the most alluring aroma coming from the kitchen. I cooked up something special for us today, she announced excitedly. I follow my nose to the kitchen to find a delicious collection of shrimp, rice, clams, slices of beef and vegetables surrounding a big bubbling pot in the center of our table. Eyes wide open and nostrils flaring, my mouth immediately floods with salivation as I gaze at the most appetizing view. We sit at the table already prepped with plates, silverware, napkins and a pair of ladles. The pot in the center of the table is angry with boiling solution. The plump shrimp and slices of savory beef are still cold and fresh in their packages while the mushrooms, onions and carrots have been chopped to pairs of dice. The clams are nestled neatly in a bowl of ice and the rice is steaming from a tall bowl awaiting consumption. Finally, we gently place a few slices of beef and shrimp into the pot with the ladles for our first taste. To my surprise, the food only takes a few minutes to heat in the pot before it is fully cooked. With my ladle, I fish out the shrimp and slices of beef and plant them in my mouth. A delicious fireworks display sets off immediately! The beef melts in my mouth without any real effort of chewing, while the shrimp mimics a velvety texture. I load the ladle with vegetables and dunk it in the pot for my next fixing. After a few moments, I am overwhelmed with savory mounds of organic goodness. As I absorb the luscious delicacies I am taken into nirvana, then I take a moment to organize my thoughts as my brain is overloaded with sensory pleasure. I try the clams and the rice next, without disappointment, I get sent off into a roller coaster ride of flavors. The clams are silky in texture as they slide around my throat. The rice is warm and wholesome as the grains it was harvest from. The soup is abounding with spices and herbs that tickle my mouth as they dance with my tongue. My brain gets rocketed into another world as it tries to make sense of all the variety of tastes and smells as I continuously bombard myself uncontrollably with food. After what seemed like  an everlasting event, we finished a feast. My brain and the sensory neurons from my tongue have been exhausted as they had never experienced such a sensation. My stomach is at full capacity but humbled as it hugs my hips for the pleasing event. My girlfriend had prepared a master piece symphony. This has been the most delicious meal I have ever eaten.

The History Place Adolf Eichmann | Summary

The History Place Adolf Eichmann | Summary Adolf Eichmann In the following paper, the thesis on â€Å"The History Place Adolf Eichmann† is â€Å"Eichmann, the man who changed his mind in the treatment of Jews.† It examines the different stages of his participation in the holocaust. Adolf Eichmann was influential in the development of social, political, and economic history during Hitlers rule. The paper will end with a conclusion and some personal observations. Eichmann started out in the bottom-most ranks of the Nazi party as a clerk for the section assigned to investigate prominent Jews. His interest in Jewish culture escalated as he began to study their language, and attend Jewish sections of towns. He became known as the â€Å"Jewish specialist,† (p.2) which gave him the ability to rise in the ranks of the Nazi party. Eichmann, in the beginning, had no intentions to commit genocide of the Jews. Instead, he initially attempted to relocate the Jewish population. Upon being assigned to explore potential â€Å"solutions to the Jewish question,† in 1937, he visited Palestine. His goal was to convince the Arab leaders to allow him an exodus of Jews to the Middle East. However, he was unsuccessful and sent out of the country (p.2). Although it would be horrible to relocate a certain ethnic group, it exemplifies that he did not yet intend for murder to occur. In 1938, during the Nazi occupation of Austria, upon realizing financial gain was possible, he created a â€Å"Central Office for Jewish Emigration,† in Vienna (p.2). This had the purpose of extorting the Jewish peoples wealth for a safe way out of the country. The concept was very successful as tremendous wealth was gained and he established similar offices in Prague and Berlin. He had not yet considered murdering the Jewish people. Instead, he offered a secure way to save their lives in return for their wealth. Eichmann, despite stealing money from Jews, had no obvious intentions of committing genocide. In another attempt to relocate the Jews, in July 1940 Eichmann suggested the â€Å"Madagascar Plan,† (p.2) which involved deporting the Jewish population to Madagascar. However, it was never carried out. The Madagascar plan was his last attempt at Jewish relocation before resorting to the â€Å"Final Solution.† Eichmann did not want to treat Jews in harmful ways. In a way, he was trying protecting them from the Nazi regime. He still thought they had a right to live. However, Eichmann soon began his ascension into murdering the Jews.   In Poland, Eichmann forced the Jews into labor camps where thousands of Jews were kept in very small areas; such as the Warsaw ghetto in Poland. This resulted in overpopulation and ensuing deaths through disease and starvation (p.2). At this point Eichmanns mindset had changed as he no longer cared about relocating the Jews, instead fixated on liquidating them. More atrocities to the Jews were committed in the Soviet Union. Daily records were taken to see how many Jews had been slaughtered. Eventually, competitions arose to find out which of the four groups Eichmann controlled had the highest death rates (p.2). Eichmann became more ruthless, making genocide into a contest. He was unremorseful for his actions, turning it into a game. As the killings proceeded, he began finding more structured and advanced methods for carrying out the executions. This consisted of using mobile gas-vans (p.3). The process in which they killed had become industrialized, like a factory. Eichmann no longer thought that any Jew should belong to the world. He no longer killed them individually, rather in groups for efficiency. In January 1942, his goal had become final. At the Wannasee Conference, Eichmann, along with 15 Nazi bureaucrats, they arranged the elimination of the 11 million Jews living in Europe and the Soviet Union3 (p.3). Following the Wannasee Conference, Eichmann became the supreme authority in managing the gathering of Jews into labor camps and newly constructed gas chambers. With great enthusiasm and fanatical efficiency, Eichmann coordinated the genocide of millions of Jews (p.2-4). Eichmann considered it a project to kill millions of Jews, and was excited about it. Eichmann killed for his own amusement, thinking about how he can do it faster, and improve his killing methods. In March, 1944, Eichmann set his eye on Hungary, which, with 725,000, contained the sole remaining big population of Jews. The deportations of Jews began from Hungary to Auschwitz, a labor camp, approximately two months later. Nearly 400,000 Hungarian Jews had been killed by the end of June. Eichmann continued to expand the areas in which he killed as he became more and more determined to exterminate the Jewish populace. Not a single trace of mind in Eichmann thought about saving the Jews in any way. However, by the end of 1944, Eichmann was ordered to terminate the deportations seeing as Germanys empire was now surrounded and almost sure to be defeated. Eichmann paid no attention to the commands as he was determined to extinguish all Jews. Instead, he ordered 50,000 Hungarian Jews to begin an eight day death march to Austria. Eichmanns personal goal in life to was kill Jews. No command or person could stop his unwavering will to kill all Jews. He could not fathom the concept of saving any Jewish lives. I will now discuss Adolf Eichmanns influence in the development of social, political, and economic history during Hitlers rule. Due to Eichmanns looks and dark complexion, his schoolmates teased him by nicknaming him â€Å"the little Jew,† (p.1). He was therefore associated with Jews from an early age. This may have sparked his interest in the Jewish culture and caused him to sympathize with them which is why he, at first, was uninterested in killing them. Hitler ordered the â€Å"physical extermination of the Jews.† Eichmann rose in the ranks to be in charge of this order because he had qualifications such as his knowledge on Jews. During his trial, he insisted he was merely â€Å"following orders,† saying that he was transmitting information from his superiors. He was basically obeying the law by following orders; and in case he didnt, he would be shot (p.4). When Eichmann realized the potential fortune he could extort from the Jews by giving them a safe way out of their country, he established offices of that purpose in Vienna, Prague, and Berlin. In July, 1941, Heydrich, a close partner of Eichmanns, was told to organize â€Å"a general plan of the administrative and ‘financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question,† (p.3). Throughout their mass murdering they would have to think about ‘financial measures. Therefore, at the death camps, all possessions were taken from the Jews and channeled into secret Reichsbank accounts. Eichmann had massive financial gains from his actions, and his greed may have been the cause for his determination to continue. To conclude, Eichmann essentially was â€Å"the man who changed his mind in the treatment of Jews.† At first, his final intentions to commit genocide on the Jews seemed impossible as he aimed to relocate the Jews. However, before long he had changed his mind and began his plans to eliminate the Jewish population. He disregarded his sense of morality more and more as he built up his power and, even when told to cease the massacre, he continued. Socially, Eichmann was teased, being nicknamed â€Å"the little Jew.† Politically, he followed orders and rose in the ranks of the Nazi party. Economically, a tremendous amount of money was gained. I would be lying if I said the biography didnt interest me. The paper gave a good insight into the life of Adolf Eichmann and how the Jews were treated during World War Two. Being Jewish myself, I had never realized how big an impact Eichmann had on the holocaust until I read the paper. I was horrified by the amount of control one person could have on an entire ethnic group. It can definitely be recommended as it clearly shows a persons transition from being normal to one of the person responsible for the murder of six million Jews. However, the biography contains little detail, being only three pages long; and it does not describe his psychological change sufficiently. However, it provides a good introduction to Eichmanns life. From the paper, I learned how Eichmanns mindset changed over time. He went from trying to relocate the Jews; to killing individual Jews; to trapping and killing a section of Jews; to mass-murder of the European Jewish population. In the end, he became addicted to murdering Jews, and could not be stopped. In addition, I learned how ruthlessly the Jews were treated during World War II. By Eichmann, they became viewed as insignificant â€Å"toys,† for his enjoyment. The methods of killing them were brutal. It was like a factory process, with gas chambers killing thousands at a time. Many Jews would die of starvation or disease in concentration camps. In Russia, all Jews from a selected village would assemble; where after they would be shot kneeling, subsequent to giving up their clothes and valuables.

Using a 3D Printer in Engineering

Using a 3D Printer in Engineering CE 2.2 Background Digitality is increasing each day. Very less people use 3D printers due to its high cost. And moreover, they are not portable as its calibration of stepper motors could be damaged. And small scale industries cannot afford them. So, my project is about making 3D printers that are size oriented, portable and cost effective. It will a project that would be hassle less and easy to understand and operate. It could be extremely useful to small scale industries, dental manufacture, scientific labs, toy companies and many more. CE 2.3 The reason behind choosing this project was to give a boost to small scale industries and make it easy to use. 3D printing is the technology of creating three-dimensional real time objects that has a nozzle which oozes out melted plastic element and is attached to a stepper motor which works as an axis that has two stepper motors working as two axis. The idea and objective was to build a 3D printer under 500-1000$ with compact size for easy handling. Its aims to print a real-time three-dimensional object with the help of CAD file (computer aided design file). It focuses on building a small sized, easy to use and accessible 3D printer. It is also a kind that has low maintenance. It is a kind of printer that was made with the help of regularly used electronics devices which would ultimately reflect on its cost price in the market. Also, other major thing is its size as it is compact compared to other available printers. CE 2.4 I had planned all the work that was required to do on this project that includes all the pre-study work before the commencement of the project and post-work that is required after finishing the project. I listed out things to do first and then assigned its priority. I started with doing research on selecting the topic for my project and after its approval from the faculty, and then I went on doing literature surveys with the help of IEEE papers, research papers etc. in the later stage I began learning basics of CNC machine and designing of its hardware structure. Which was then implemented along with its software part and was made a portable one. At last stage, it involved final changes on the project and making a report on it. CE 2.5 Personal Engineering Activity I started with literature survey and then made up a block diagram for my project as shown under. It explains the complete flow of my project. I divided the entire process of 3D printing into two parts. CE 2.6 This project makes use of many components and each component was selected considering its cost and its potential value in the market as well as its ability to withstand the project. The important parts are: For CNC Machine: 1. Stepper motor it is a kind of electric motor that is widely used in the industries of robotics. With each step of the motor, it makes it handy for repeatable positioning. 2. Stepper motor driver A4988 they are kind of drivers with microcontroller and that can be used to attain high rotation speeds in stepper motors. 3. CNC shield 4. Arduino Uno Microcontroller it is used for digital devices and interactive objects which can control and sense the objects in physical world. It makes use of open-source hardware and software. 5. SMPS power supply this is used to drive and supply power to the whole circuit 6. MDF/Acrylic for the body structure -it is used for outer covering or the hardware structure of the body. For 3D Printing Setup 1. 0.75mm Nozzle it is cylindrical kind of a pipe or tube which controls the liquid. 2. Ceramic heater 3. DC fan as a cooling device 4. PLA element CE 2.7 For the 3D printer, a structure had to be made from either MDF, acrylic or fiber that would form the outer body. It also requires 4 stepper motor and its driver ICs along with providing a power supply. The stepper motor moves as per the GCODE which controls it. A software is used to generate the GCODE that is indirectly connected and formed from CAD file. CE 2.8 The working of my software part can be described as below: 1. Computer part: Here, using different software like AUTOCAD, RHINO, CAD360, a CAD file is generated. The interpreter receives the CAD file formed and then converts it into GCODE file. For interpreting software like MERLIN, CURA, POLULU was been used. Then via serial port the GCODE file is sent to the other part i.e. the printing part. 2. 3D printer part: Stepper drivers and HotEnd drivers receive the GCODE file from the GCODE interpreter. The HotEnd has a nozzle, DC fan and a ceramic heater and the stepper motor makes the moves as per the GCODE. Into the nozzle, a PLA plastic element is entered and with the help of ceramic heater it melts that plastic element into very small sized threads and is constantly cooled with the help of DC fan. As the HotEnd and stepper motor moves, the PLA comes out through it giving a 3D printed object. The object is made layer by layer and the stepper motor sets itself to initial stage after the completion of the object CE 2.9 During this project, I faced many challenges as my project is a very complex topic. It started with doing research on the topic. It was a new technology in the market and I had to collect as much information available. Deciding of hardware components was also a major task I had a pre-defined project cost that I had to maintain so that the final costing of the product doesnt increase beyond the limit. I took help from the experts from the field of electronics and tried to follow their footsteps whenever problem occurred. The part of software was quite easy than I thought as I had already planned the flow of the work so I just had to follow that pattern to accomplish my microcontroller programming. CE 2.10 Summary In 3D printing, whole process takes place in tiny little slices, it divides the whole project into tiny pieces which are made in the reverse order while printing. They stick together to form a solid object slice by slice. All the parts made from 3D printing can be complex like hinges, wheels etc. as a part of the printed object. It is a kind of technology which is very useful in current world. It makes the object feel like a real one. My project required great knowledge while implementing. It was a great platform for me to learn new technology and to help small scale industry with my project. My creativity skills were expanded and with the help of my project guide I could overcome all the challenges that came on the way. I kept my guide and supervisors updated with my position of the project. And meeting were kept fortnightly to show my status on my project and to discuss further possibility of the project expansion.

Mother and Daughter Relationships in Joy Luck Club and A Hundred Secret

Mother and Daughter Relationships in The Joy Luck Club and A Hundred Secret Senses   Ã‚  Ã‚   In life, many things can be taken for granted - especially the things that mean the most to you. You just might not realize it until you've lost it all. As I walk down the road finishing up my teenage days, I slowly have been finding a better understanding of my mother. The kind of bond that mothers and daughters have is beyond hard to describe. It's probably the biggest rollercoaster ride of emotions that I'll ever have the chance to live through in my lifetime. But, for those of us who are lucky enough to survive the ride in one piece, it's an amazing learning experience that will influence your entire future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In Amy Tan's novels, The Joy Luck Club, and A Hundred Secret Senses, she describes relationships between mothers and daughters reflecting on her own parents experiences in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Four mothers, four daughters, four families... whose histories shift with the four winds depending on who's "telling" the stories. In 1949, four Chinese women, recent   immigrants to San Francisco, begin meeting to talk, eat dim sum, and play mahjong.. As June's mother said, "Idea was to have a gathering of   four women, one for each corner of the mahjong table" (Joy p.32) Being together in shared unspeakable loss and hope, they call themselves the Joy   Luck Club. Instead of sinking into tragedy, they choose to gather and raise their spirits. "To despair was to wish back for something already lost. Or to prolong what was already unbearable." (Joy p.134) In other words, why sit back and keep pondering the tragedy, it's better to let the past go, and move on.   Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Joy Luck Club, Tan examines the sometimes painful, often t... ...ring a closer relationship to their families.    Works Cited and Consulted "Biography of Amy Tan." DIScovering Authors Modules. 1998. GaleNet. "Criticism, Amy Tan" DIScovering Authors, Gale Research Inc, 1996. Buck, Claire. "Amy Tan." The Bloomsbury Guide to Womens Literature. Pg1065 Great Britian: Bloomsbury Publishing, 1992. Shear, Walter. "Generational Differences and the Diaspora in The Joy Luck Club." in <>Critique. Volume 34, No3, Spring 1993 pp 193-99.(on GaleNet Tan Amy. The Hundred Secret Senses, New York; Mass Market Paperback, 1996 Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York; Mass Market Paperback, 1994 Willard, Nancy. "Tiger Spirits." in The Women's Review of Books. Vol.6, Nos. 10-11, July 1989, pg12.(on GaleNet) *Amy Tan interview was conducted on the front cover of the hard cover copy addition of The Joy Luck Club.   

The Other Caste :: Essays Papers

The Other Caste For some professions the need for standardized higher education is obvious. We wouldn't want our doctors to have learned their craft by simply reading books and practicing on patients in their kitchens. Neither would we feel comfortable crossing a bridge or inhabiting a building designed by someone with a passionate interest in architectural engineering but who had not been subjected to rigorous testing of his or her own abilities. There are many professions, however, for which the unconsidered demand for a degree is unnecessary and creates an artificial class distinction. More importantly, the most qualified people for the job are often not even considered. My mother greatly influenced my views on this subject. She dropped out of high school when she was a freshman but she personified the self-motivated pursuit of knowledge. When she wanted to learn something, she read everything she could find on the subject. She then put her newfound knowledge to practical application until it because a new skill. Her library contained books on subjects as varied as horticulture, philosophy, stonemasonry, interior design, and architecture. She knew the Latin name of every plant in her extensive gardens. She knew more about heath and nutrition on a budget than the dietician at the assisted care facility where she worked, earning just over minimum wage. She eventually did get her GED but because she didn't have a degree in any of her areas of expertise she was poorly paid and sometimes perceived as uneducated. I saw this same prejudice all the years I worked for the Forest Service. They employ people with degrees and people without. Degree holders have the opportunity to advance professionally and become permanent employees. Those with no degrees are consistently paid lower wages and kept in a temporary status though they often do the same work as the permanent employees and return to work year after year. My Forest Service job required three things: being able to hike all day, not getting lost in the woods, and an appreciation that my repetitious acts were insuring future forests. A college degree was irreverent but I often had to train people with no aptitude or knowledge of the forest and watch them move ahead of me professionally because they had the degree. In Mark Salzman's book, Lost in Place most of the learning he writes about took place outside or even in spite of his formal schooling. The Other Caste :: Essays Papers The Other Caste For some professions the need for standardized higher education is obvious. We wouldn't want our doctors to have learned their craft by simply reading books and practicing on patients in their kitchens. Neither would we feel comfortable crossing a bridge or inhabiting a building designed by someone with a passionate interest in architectural engineering but who had not been subjected to rigorous testing of his or her own abilities. There are many professions, however, for which the unconsidered demand for a degree is unnecessary and creates an artificial class distinction. More importantly, the most qualified people for the job are often not even considered. My mother greatly influenced my views on this subject. She dropped out of high school when she was a freshman but she personified the self-motivated pursuit of knowledge. When she wanted to learn something, she read everything she could find on the subject. She then put her newfound knowledge to practical application until it because a new skill. Her library contained books on subjects as varied as horticulture, philosophy, stonemasonry, interior design, and architecture. She knew the Latin name of every plant in her extensive gardens. She knew more about heath and nutrition on a budget than the dietician at the assisted care facility where she worked, earning just over minimum wage. She eventually did get her GED but because she didn't have a degree in any of her areas of expertise she was poorly paid and sometimes perceived as uneducated. I saw this same prejudice all the years I worked for the Forest Service. They employ people with degrees and people without. Degree holders have the opportunity to advance professionally and become permanent employees. Those with no degrees are consistently paid lower wages and kept in a temporary status though they often do the same work as the permanent employees and return to work year after year. My Forest Service job required three things: being able to hike all day, not getting lost in the woods, and an appreciation that my repetitious acts were insuring future forests. A college degree was irreverent but I often had to train people with no aptitude or knowledge of the forest and watch them move ahead of me professionally because they had the degree. In Mark Salzman's book, Lost in Place most of the learning he writes about took place outside or even in spite of his formal schooling.

Banana Floor Wax Research Paper

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina Brazil St. Greenheights Subd. Concepcion 1, Marikina City INVESTIGATORY PROJECT â€Å"Peel, da Banana Wax† MEMBERS: Alad, Mary Anne C. Aresgado, Jinky D. Casakit, Lowie L. Ducay, Gilrose T. Eroles, Ronalyn B. Gamboa, Geralyn S. Garcia, Christine O. Inocencio, Jellica C. Lobreo, Danica B. Lorayna, Ellen Grace L. Novelero, Annalyn R. Resuento, April Siena I. Mr. Ryan H. Lim ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researchers would like to give their warm heart-felt gratitude to the persons who gave their knowledge regarding to this project and helped to conduct this for the success of the researchers. The parents who gave their full support to the researchers through expenses, time and efforts. The classmates and friends of the researchers which are always there for them and also the people who contributed their ideas and thoughts. To the researchers subject teacher, Mr. Ryan Habijan Lim for letting us to do this research. Last but not the least, to our dear God, for guiding and protecting the researcher always and for giving those persons to made this all possible. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: The problem and its settings Statement of the problem Importance and Significance of the study Definition of terms Scope and Delimitation of study Conceptual Framework CHAPTER II: Related Literature Studies CHAPTER III: Methods of Research and Procedure CHAPTER IV: Analysis Presentation and Interpretation of Data CHAPTER V: Summary, Conclusion & Recommendation CHAPTER VI:  Bibliography Chapter I: The problem and its setting The Statement of the problem: a) Can banana be an alternative source in making a floor wax? b) Can Pandan leaves helps to lessen the original odor of a particular products? MISSION: To know if the banana peels can be an alternative source of making floor wax and also to create a floor wax that has a less odor compared to the other floor wax that we had. To inform are target market that they can create floor wax by using banana peels. The purpose of this research is to innovate the reusable banana peels to lessen environmental waste. VISION: In 2015, we tend to educate families that they can make a home made floor ax by themselves. In this case, they can save money as well as they can save mother earth. We also want to extend the knowledge to those in the public schools who mostly used floor wax to make their classroom floor shiny. This will educate them that they can make an alternative floor wax instead of buying commercial floor wax. Importance and Significance of the Study This study can give benefits to the people especially to the poor ones to save money for their other needs. Especially in schools, it will give a benefit to the students as well as their parents to save money. Not only on that, this study help people who really used a floor wax in school or even on their house that their health are not affected because we did this wax to lessen the odor of original floor wax. * Scope and Delimitations of Study This study is only limited for the investigation of banana used as alternative source for floor wax making. We chose this study for further investigation if the banana can be an effective source for floor wax and how we can help our mother earth though we are only a student. Definition of Terms a) Banana Peel – main ingredient in making floor wax. b) Pandan leaf – the beneficial plant gave our product an aroma. c) Crude fiber – * Conceptual Framework INPUT * Banana Peel * Pandan Leaves * Candle * Kerosene * Dye OUTPUT An alternative floor wax which is eco-friendly and not hazardous to children’s health. PROCESSAll the materials should be prepared.Slice the Banana and Pandan.Crush the candles.Use a casserole to boil a 2cups of water.Boil the pandan within 30minutes.Put the banana peel together with the pandan.Put a 1/2cup of kerosene and 3 teaspoon of cooking oil and dye.Observe the color to know if the extract of the Banana Peel change.Strain and squeeze the banana peel with pandan.Put the crushed candles into casserole and until it melts.Combine the melted candles and the extract of banana peel with pandan.Wait until it forms like a wax.Chapter II: Related  Literature Studies BANANA  is the  common name  for a fruit and also the  herbaceous  plants of the  genusMusa  which produce the commonly eaten fruit. They are native to the tropical region of  Southeast Asia  and  Australia. Today, they are cultivated throughout the  tropics. Banana plants are of the  family  Musaceae. They are cultivated primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent for the production of fiber and as ornamental plants. As the bananas are mainly tall, upright, and fairly sturdy, they are often mistaken for trees, when the truth is the main or upright stem is called a pseudostem, literally meaning â€Å"fake stem†, which for some species can obtain a height of up to 2–8 m, with  leaves of up to 3. 5 m in length. Each pseudostem would produce a bunch of yellow, green, or even red bananas before dying and being replaced by another pseudostem. Banana leaves are widely used as plates and for lining cooking pits and for wrapping food for cooking or storage. A section of leaf often serves as an eye-shade. In Latin America, it is a common practice during rains to hold a banana leaf by the petiole, upside-down, over one's back as an â€Å"umbrella† or â€Å"raincoat†. The leaves of the ‘Fehi' banana are used for thatching, packing, and cigarette wrappers. Pandan is widely known for the many uses it contributes to us. It is a very beneficial plant that provides many useful things for our day to day life. The aroma of the  pandan leaves  is unique very hard to describe. It is somewhat nutty, similar to fresh hay which is eventually pleasant. You can also found this kind of aroma in some varieties of rice that are grown in South East Asian countries. A good example to that is the Thai Jasmin Rice. The distinct development of the aroma of the said leaves is best when it is wilting because the freshly picked pandan leaf is eventually odourless. But if you dry it, it would surely lose the aroma very quickly. On the other hand, the flavour component of the said plant is still unknown. Some experts suggested that the aroma comes from a volatile product of oxidation degragation of a yellow carotenoid pigment fround on the plant and forms only when the plant is withered. In that aspect, the pandan leaves is also similar to rose and saffron which also has a caratenoid derived aroma compound that makes it smell extra good. Pandan leaves  are a very famous plant in some Asian countries. It contributes a lot in many different ways but most distinctly to enhance the aroma of rice and other rice products, maybe because Pandan leaves has a hay-like odour. There is also other usage of pandan leaves that would contribute a lot to us. The following common usages of  Pandan Leaves  are as follows. The most common use of pandan leaves, especially people in Asia, to add a subtle flavour of pandan in your food. It contributes a very good smell when added in the top of the rice so that, it will produce a good smell. It is very useful since it can add appetite to anyone who will eat the cooked rice. People in Asian countries tend to enjoy eating that kind of rice. It is also best if you add coconut milk together with pandan leaves in the cooked rice. That will result to a very special taste you could ever imagine. You could not compare its taste to anything. It is simply delicious that you can forget it comes from pandan leaves. Another useful thing you can produce through pandan leaves is that you can create a paste out of it. This kind of paste can be use in several kinds of recipes. You just simply cut the leaves, 1 inch each leaves, then place it in a pot at the stove. Add a cup of water to it and place as many leaves as long as it fits the pot. Boil the said mixture. Wait until the leaves are soft. Allow some water to evaporate. Lastly, process the water and the in a food processor to create a paste. By following those simple steps, you will be able to create something useful out of pandan leaves. Floor wax can be made out of used candle by heating the used candles till they melt completely, then we add a little kerosene to the melted candles. This is an excellent polish especially for wooden floors as they keep termites away. Organic matter is the peel's principal constituent. Proteins account for 0. percent by weight of the peel, lipids are 1. 7 percent, carbohydrates are 59. 1 percent and crude fiber is 31. 7 percent. This composition makes the peel a good animal feedstock. Wood flooring brings an old time, rustic elegance to your home that lasts a life time. Unfortunately, many home owners do not know the correct way to clean and care for their wood floors. A common method for cleaning wood floors is with the use of oil soap. Many wood floori ng manufacturers state that using oil soap on your flooring will void the warranty. Oil soap is essentially vegetable oil and vegetable oil leaves a residue behind. For centuries, people have used kerosene to clean their wood flooring. Kerosene will not only keep your floors from looking dull, but it removes heal marks, crayon and lipsticks without causing harm to your floors Chapter III: Methods of Research and Procedure Procedures:All the materials should be prepared.Slice the Banana and Pandan.Crush the candles.Use a casserole to boil a 2cups of water.Boil the pandan within 30minutes.Put the banana peel together with the pandan.Put a 1/2cup of kerosene and 3 teaspoon of cooking oil and dye.Observe the color to know if the extract of the Banana Peel change.Strain and squeeze the banana peel with pandan. 10. Put the crushed candles into casserole and until it melts.Combine the melted candles and the extract of banana peel with pandan.Wait until it form like a wax.Chapter  IV: Analysis Presentation and Interpretation of Data SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE PART I SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE PART II Chapter  V: Summary, Conclusion & Recommendation Summary: Floor waxing is essential to maintain the shiny gloss of wooden floors. However, if you find buying ready-made floor wax prohibitively expensive, it's possible to mix raw wax crystals and kerosene with banana peels to create a substance suitable for use polishing your wooden floors. This home-made floor wax will give a comparable shine and smoothness to that of commercial products, and the oil in the kerosene counteracts the banana peel's stickiness to ensure the finished sheen isn't tacky. Conclusion: Banana peel has its many uses. One of these is as an alternative resource in making floorwax. It contains good fiber that makes the wax smoother and shiner. It offers the same quality just like the other common floorwax can offer. Moreover, it is cheaper and has a nicer fragrance than the former. Recommendation: The researcher would highly recommended that we could use banana floor wax instead of busy commercial floor wax in the market because it is cheaper and fits in our budget. The researcher therefore concluded that banana floor wax could be used as an alternative source of commercial one. Chapter VI: Bibliography http://www. hort. purdue. edu/newcrop/morton/banana. html#Other%20Uses http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Banana Components of a Banana Peel | eHow. com  http://www. ehow. com/info_10033568_components-banana-peel. html#ixzz2KKGbgW6A How to Clean Wood Floors With Kerosene | eHow. com  http://www. ehow. com/how_6153768_clean-wood-floors-kerosene. html#ixzz2KKVytGce

Religion and Homophobia in Trinidad and Tobago Essay

As previously demonstrated, the data collected was graphically represented in order to highlight trends or anomalies. Figure 1 (Fig. 1) begins by showing that 36% of our sample supported same sex marriage, whilst 64% did not. Since non-support of same-sex marriage is used as our indicator of homophobia, approximately two-thirds (( 2)? (3 )) of our sample is considered homophobic. Whilst this suggests that a substantial proportion of our population is supportive of homosexuality, the majority is apparently homophobic. Thus, a standard was found, against which individual elements of the population can then be manipulated and analysed in a positivistic approach. Figure 2 shows that the gender of the non-supportive population was almost equally distributed, which suggests that perspective is gender neutral. This is surprising considering that gender commonly indicates differing perspectives, but may perhaps be attributed to the existence of homosexuality in both genders. Additionally, this is reflected in Fig 3. where the male only school, Naparima College is proportionately equal to the female only schools, Naparima Girls’ High School (NGHS), ASJA Girls’ College (ASJA) and St. Joseph’s Convent (SJC). Furthermore, Figure 4 shows that the average CSEC grades (which we will use as an indicator of education level) of the supporters approximately equalled that of the non-supporters. Therefore, neither gender, education level school has significant effect on our candidates’ perception of same-sex marriage. Continuing the search for factors that may affect the development of homophobia, Fig 5 outlines four further dimensions of social life, showing that, support of the legalisation of marijuana, alcohol consumption habits, history of altercations with the law, and family structure all had negligible effects because the proportions only slightly deviated from the norm. It is only when the dynamic of religion is introduced that anomalies become apparent. As illustrated in Figure 6, there is little variance between the individual religions, with Islam being marginally more homophobic, but, when religion is removed, as in the case of our secular candidates, the proportions are reversed and approximately two-thirds (( 2)? (3 )) of the secular candidates were supportive. Additionally, it was observed that, whilst Muslim candidates had the highest correlation to homophobia within our sample, the candidates from the Islamic school, ASJA Girls’ College –who would have been exposed to the institution for at least five years, a substantial portion of their lives-, had the lowest correlation to homophobia; the difference being approximately 10%. This is pertinent because it is also indicative of secularisation by differentiation wherein the non-religious sphere of life, education is separated from religion (Jose Casanova, 1994). In both instances of secularisation, homophobia was reduced. Building on the investigation of the influence of religion, religiosity was then compared to opinion using three common measures of religiosity. Figure 7 shows the relationship between frequency of visitation of place of worship and non-support, Figure 8 shows the frequency of private worship against non-support and Figure 8 shows the frequency of private study of religious texts versus non-support. All graphs yielded a positive gradient, began well below the average and ended well above it. This indicates, that as religiosity increases, so too does homophobia. This contrasts our previous observation that there were no trends amongst the various religions but verifies the implication that secularisation decreases homophobia. Careful consideration of the qualitative data compounds these assertions because, not only is religion openly and usually used as justification of homophobia, the candidates who were most fervently religious and enmeshed with their congregation were often most blatantly homophobic. Additionally, if the view of the religious leaders is to be taken as the consensus of the congregation, it would appear that most justify discrimination. However, there were cases in which the fervently religious advocated positively for same-sex marriages. The phenomena observed can be explained using a functionalist perspective in which religion serves as a method of maintaining social order through increasing solidarity within a mostly heterosexual population by segregating the homosexual, thereby providing a common ‘enemy,’ and instilling a set of values and norms in society. Also, religion may be viewed as encouraging more â€Å"productive† marriages in which childbirth is possible, thereby helping to sustain the birth-rate, working to aid the system of the family. When candidates are separated from the functions of religion, they are more likely to maintain a different set or norms, wherein homosexuals are equal to heterosexuals. Contrastingly, a Conflict perspective may be used in hich religion serves to justify the construction of a class society in which the heterosexuals are the ‘bourgeoisie’ and the homosexuals are the ‘proletariat. ’ By masking the foundation of power and exploitation in divine ruling, the heterosexuals are allowed to legitimize their position of superiority. When this illusion is removed and class consciousness attained, as in the case of secular candidates and candidates with little religiosity, the bourgeoisie can no longer legitimize their position, and so homophobia is reduced. Alternatively, if one is to utilize Weber’s theory of Rational Choice, one might suggest, that, perhaps candidates decided to follow the homophobic direction of their religious leaders, rationalizing that earning the support of the entire congregation was worth discriminating against a minority. This theory also serves to explain why candidates supported same-sex marriage, because the prevailing justification was a rationalisation that their (homosexuals) private life did not affect me (the candidate) negatively and was therefore not a problem. This also explains the anomaly of the few candidates who were enmeshed in non-supportive congregations but still supported same-sex marriages. Continuing the interpretivistic trend, Mead’s theory of Symbolic Interactionism may be applied in which the ascribed meanings of symbols encourage homophobia. For example, candidates who studied their holy texts daily were most likely to be non-supportive. They may ascribe that the text determines their values and that the text does not support homosexuality, therefore, they, identified as a follower of the text, does not support homosexuality. Another example may be the use of song references in their justification, wherein, candidates interpret the music to disapprove of homophobia and therefore, as listeners, they should also disapprove. Lastly, the use of homophobic slurs such as ‘fag’ in the language of the non-supporters suggests that homosexuality is unwanted, and communicates this to others who may interpret it as such, and develop the same opinion. Discussion of Findings In, Invitation to the sociology of religion, Zuckerman presents a functionalist approach in which we see how religion may affect social hange. He demonstrates a correlation between a decline in the influence of religion and an increase in the acceptance of homosexual relations suggesting that religion does indeed influence homophobia as determined from my research. Furthermore, he considered another form of discrimination, that is, racism in which again, religion resulted in the segregation of a minority, but also, where religion provided a powerful community through which resistance could grow. The strength and influence of these churches echoes the observation that the more enmeshed our subjects were in their religious congregations, the more homophobic they tended to be. Building on the methods by which religion could affect social life, the article, â€Å"Gays bash government on same-sex marriage,† presents a scenario in which religion has clearly moulded the opinion of a prominent member of our government to the point that it over-rode proper conduct. This crass act seems less surprising when it is observed that some candidates also paraphrased or quoted biblical passages in lieu of an explanation. The research paper, †Religion and public opinion of same-sex marriage,† also adds validation to our research because their results were strikingly similar to our own. They discovered, as I did, that a persons’ religiosity and not their specific religion was the prominent factor in influencing their view of same-sex marriage. Additionally, the article entitled, â€Å"J-FLAG Issues Statement on International Day Against Homophobia,† also verifies this conclusion by using statistics which showed that 56% believed homosexuality and Christianity were incompatible and that 82% believed that it was immoral. This, second study was conducted in Jamacia and as such, it is also more relevant to our research based in Trinidad; it should come as no surprise that their sample yielded a homophobic rate only marginally lower than our own at 59% as opposed to 64%. Finally, in relation to our final aim, the research paper, †Religion and public opinion of same-sex marriage,† also proves handy because they validate that no other standard demographic holds significant influence on a candidate’s opinion of same-sex marriage besides religiosity. Considering these observations, my main finding appears to be that religion does, in fact, play a significant role in developing homophobia within the Lower Six population of San Fernando. Additionally, three main inferences can be made: Firstly, that religion may develop homophobia by presenting a community in which homophobia may be justified and advertised as the norm, through interaction with the institution of government, or through symbolic interaction wherein the religious texts are interpreted as encouraging homophobia. Secondly, that religiosity is a much more significant factor than religious affiliation in developing homophobia, with religious affiliation being almost powerless in our study. Thirdly, we may infer that, whilst exposure to the media did have some effect on the development of homophobia as reflected in our qualitative data, by and large, religion is the major influence with no significant alternative factors appearing in our study. ? Limitations Whilst conducting my study, certain limitations were confronted. Chief amongst these was the cost effectiveness of conducting such a relatively large-scale survey consisting of over two hundred subjects. Adding to this difficulty was the statistical analysis in which a spreadsheet was necessary. Additionally, in order to balance the ratio of male to female respondents, the strata of Naparima College was over-represented since that was the school in which the most co-operation was met. However, since Naparima College proved to be a typical institution, for the purposes of our study, I believe that the integrity of the data was no compromised. Difficulty was also met in collecting and analysing secondary data sources as inquisitions at our public libraries proved fruitless and many of the recent, relevant research papers published were either costly, or restricted to members of certain institutions. Lastly, there may have been some, inherent instrument bias in my analysis of the qualitative data. Recommendations On completion of my research, certain recommendations have become apparent. The first being that a complete separation of the church and state must be accomplished in order to provide the allocation of same-sex marriages, and the second being that the institution of religion should be removed from society as it, in its many forms may a dangerous tool for inspiring discrimination. Conclusion Although it has been a lengthy road, it was a straight one, and, in summation, we can determine that there is indeed a clear relationship between religion and homophobia in which religion inspires the other through various ways. Furthermore, a person’s religiosity was shown to be the determining factor in influencing homophobia with no other influence being significant. ?

Digital Technologies Essay Temp Essay

‘Will the challenges emerging with digital knowledge contexts, for which digital literacy is being deployed, open new horizons for the human art of thinking and creating knowledge?’ (Belisle 2006, p.55). Reference: Harvard Style Knowledge can be interpreted in different ways where one scholar defines knowledge as a learnt education another interprets knowledge as intelligence. Knowledge is continuing a process commencing at birth. Belisle (2006) states Knowledge is much more than the transmitted or acquired information. It is the awareness and understanding of facts, truths or beliefs resulting from perception, learning and reasoning. A thorough knowledge is gained through education as well as real life experiences. Dependency on digital technology has increasingly changed the lives of individuals. In the modern era, knowledge is also gained from digital technologies such as computer, smartphones, televisions and the Internet. This essay will discuss the possibilities of digital technologies for knowledge and the negative impacts of the technologies by examining increased use of visual aids, access of information and by identifying if a dependency on digital technologies creates health issues and cultural an d social impacts as society replaces traditional technologies with digital. In the modern era, technology helps in creating, storing and managing of information digitally. A survey conducted in 2010 by Records management practices and arrangements reported that time and cost benefits in accessing archival information, the better security of information and improved compliance with legislation and procedures to ensure privacy is maintained (National Archives of Australia 2015). In the past, with the use of print media, people would spend time utilising mail, handbills and posters for immediate and focused distribution of their information. Today digital media gives us social media such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn or Twitter that connects people instantly and information is disseminated at low cost being judged and monitored on a ‘click’ basis. Effectively if it is available on the internet, it can be accessed and distributed by  keystroke with no actual physical labour. Obviously this lowers the cost of the information and enables distribu tion to a wider audience. Access to the abundance of information on the internet and speed at which any individual can access any information from any location has meant that the net generation and internet users prefer quick information and spend less time evaluating information. People tend to use data anywhere at anytime due to faster and easier access. Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) published that 13.3 million people accessed data from home for such tasks as emails, doing research, browsing news and general interests and utilising online banking. They also used the ability of the internet to share material with diverse interest groups. Twitter in particular was viewed as useful for this purpose as it is global, responsive and provides a source of relevant links enabling people to publicise their blogs and to follow those of others using hash-tags (Lupton 2014, p.30). Modern data analysing, using photos and illustrations is a very efficient way in gaining knowledge in abundance. The use of digital technology is enabling the continual development of visual aids. This is magnified greatly using Windows, interfacing technology and other imaging tools, more so than contemporary books and papers. Visual information helps in the decision making process providing a definite interpretation of information. In the past, learning and teaching was primarily text-based reflecting traditional teaching based on cognitive or behavioural science (Sims, O’Leary, Cook & Butland 2002). It is now possible to support visual and multimedia formats on wireless devices at anytime to anyplace (Sims, O’Leary, Cook and Butland 2002). Visual images such as tables, graphs, photographs and maps can be presented in the form of a report. These visual images are used more in our everyday life as a teaching resource in school or a visual reference in a business presentation. Visual images make the written data and oral presentation easier to understand and assist in the decision making process. Good decisions are based on research, digital information and Records management contribute to making decisions based on fact. Timely decisions are facilitated by ready access to information. Understanding past decisions is  assisted by access to the digital data that originally supported the decision (National Archives Australia 2015). In the transition from literature to digital and from text to visual, an individual has to be aware that a dependency on digital technology can create issues. The internet is a bundle of information that allows the expression of ones’ self. This expression on a personal web page is likely to be a more considered controlled impression than one gained from an offline or public encounter. A web page can provide an emotional release enabling artistic ability to be incorporated in its layout. Chatrooms are a form of communication that gives the opportunity to speak to someone in a different country without the cost of long distance phone charges. It is instant and not like the olden times where an individual had to wait for mail to be delivered. Technology makes it easy to communicate when we wish and disengage at will. Educational websites offer phenomenal information covering a wide range of topics that vary from completing assignments to studying ones ancestry. People depend on the web when dealing with emotions. Some simply use the web to replace a paper diary recording their thoughts and responses or seeking to rationalise experiences through the web. Physiological changes have been seen in the more impressionable, such as children, who may overuse technology and exhibit changes that mimic changes scene in high stress states, such as high heart rates, fast paced breathing and hyperacute hearing and vision (Rowan 2010). It has been suggested playing violent video games leads to increased aggression and reduced empathy suggesting these games may desensitise children to violence (Rowan 2010). People have a tendency to retain the information that supports their ideas or viewpoint. Having access to technology that enables access to pages of information creates a situation where people search only for collaborating information and promote misinformation supporting their beliefs irrespective of social impacts. As we search the Internet we need t o be aware of its perils such as identity theft and fraud but the biggest effect is cultural and social effects. Family and friends can find themselves competing with digital technologies for time and attention. Time spent with an ipad, tablet or computer is a  minute lost that could have been spent interacting with the world around them whether it be a friend, family, or peers and react to extra senses such as articulation in voice or body language both which can be lost in the digital world. Face to face contact has become a thing of the past. People maybe not spending as much time as they used to or could be together. Properly used technology helps us advance both as an individual and a civilization but improperly used, it can alienate us from each other and even hinder our physical and psychological development. Emotional distress, alienation and loss of privacy can all be experienced if, for example, intimate images are spread perhaps virally beyond the intended recipient or depiction in texts of individuals who may be targeted by their peers for social and emotional abuse because of the wide distribution of information whether visual or text (Ives 2012, p.46-47). This sort of unsocial interaction could have a widespread effect on children at school and work colleagues, the lasting psychological effects could be carried into future generations. This may lead to suicides, charges and withdrawal from society. The advancement of digital technology has become the centre of our information behaviours with the amount of available information online surpasses anything previously known and many of us have this information at our fingertips. So the challenge is to apply our thinking to this available information, our awareness and understanding of facts, truths and beliefs resulting from perception, learning and reasoning and the result is knowledge. Social media and database archives never before have been more connected to the modern world. Socially a lot of people benefit from the virtual world, and some people are suffering because of it. Digital mainframe and archives are helping to preserve our knowledge for future generations, but in the event of a web crash or system error, it also shows how fragile this digital age is. This basic process of turning information into knowledge has not changed but now is made more difficult by the sheer volume of information or data to access. References Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012, How Australia accesses and uses the Internet, cat no. 1301.0, ABS, viewed on 02 February 2015, Belisle, C 2006, ‘Literacy and the Digital Knowledge Revolution’ in A Martin &D Madigan (eds.), Digital literacies for Learning, Facet, London, pp. 51-67. Ives. EA 2012 iGeneration: The Social Cognitive Effects of Digital Technology on Teenagers, viewed 25 January 2015, Lupton, D 2014, ‘Feeling Better Connected’: Academics’ Use of Social Media. News and Media Research Centre, University of Canberra, p.30. National Archives of Australia 2015, Benefits of digital information and records, viewed 01 February 2015, Rowan, C 2010, ‘Unplug-Don’t Drug: A Critical Look at the Influence of Technology on Child Behaviour With an Alternative Way of Responding Other Than Evaluation and Drugging’, Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry, vol. 12, no.1, pp. 60-68. Sims. E, O’Leary. R, Cook. J & Butland. G 2002, Visual Literacy: What is it and do we need it to use Learning Technologies effectively, Learning Technology Support Service, University of Bristol, United Kingdom, viewed 05 February 2015,

Terminal Paper Mechanics

ABE INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE The Big Orange Building. 328 Edsa Caloocan City TERMINAL PAPER MECHANICS PAPER TYPE 1. For the proposal and final oral stages, the researcher may use short, white bond paper. 2. The template is used for the final paper. (See Appendix B). 3. No colored or textured bond paper should be used. PRINT COLOR 1. Blank ink is required for the text. No colored printout is allowed. Graphs and figures should also use varying shades of black. This so because color distinction may not appear definite once the paper is photocopied. 2.The printout must be clear, intelligible, and neat. ILLUSTRATIONS 1. No unnecessary illustrations are allowed. 2. If consequential, all illustrations and photos should be properly labeled so that readers can understand them without having to rely entirely on the picture. 3. Chapter separator pages are unnecessary. PRINT SIZE 1. The required font is Arial. The required font size throughout the paper is 12. Smaller fonts are allowed for charts a nd graphs. 2. Chapter titles, major and minor headings, paragraph heading, and table and figure titles are all typed using font size 12. . Chapter titles must be in all capital letter formats (AAAA) while major and minor headings, paragraph heading, table and figure titles must be in a title format (Aaaa). 4. Page numbers should also be reformatted in Arial in font size 12. MARGINS AND SPACING 1. For the proposal and final defense papers using plain, short white bond paper, the margins are as follows: Top:1. 00 Bottom:1. 00 Left:1. 50 Right:1. 00 2. For the final paper printed on the paper template, the margins are as follows: Top: 1. 70 Bottom:1. 20 Left:1. 80 Right:1. 20 3.Indentation for paragraphs, reference entries, table of content entries, etc. should be consistent throughout the paper. The suggested tab stop position is 0. 5. 4. Preliminary and end pages use single spacing except title page, approval sheet and recommendation for oral defense. (See Appendix C) 5. Line spacing for the text is 1. 5. 6. Within the text, single spacing is used for block quotations. 7. Two spaces are required between chapter headings, major and minor headings, paragraph headings, table and figure titles. NUMBERING A. Preliminary Pages (See Appendix C) 1.Use lower case Roman numerals for all preliminary pages. 2. The title page bears no number but is designates as page i. 3. A blank page (flyleaf) bearing no number is placed before the title page. 4. The approval sheet or the endorsement sheet bears no number, but is designated as page ii. 5. Preliminary pages do not appear in the Table of Contents. 6. Page numbers appear on the center bottom of the page. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ENTRIES 1. Every bibliographical entry must use APA style of writing. e. g. Document source and Online sources 2. The reference page is an alphabetical list of all sources actually used in the research.The researcher should include only the sources that he/she has cited in the text. 3. If there are two or mor e sources by the same author, do not repeat his/her name for the entries other than the first. In place of the author’s name, use an unbroken underline of 8 spaces long followed by a period. 4. Should there be more than 10 entries in the reference page, divide these into the following: books, journals, and periodicals, other sources (unpublished theses and dissertations, brochures, Internet sources). (See Appendix D) TABLES AND FIGURES 1. All table titles appear above the table; figure titles go below. . All table title must carry complete information: the table number, description of the subject matter, locale, year the survey was conducted (e. g. Table 12. Mean of Burnout Causes among Teacher respondents of Liceo de Los Banos and Los Banos High School, 2003). 3. Never cut tables. 4. Tables and figures presented in landscape format. Appendix B. Research Paper Template 1. 0 â€Å" 1. 5 â€Å" 1. 0 â€Å" Appendix C. Sample Preliminary Entries Appendix D. Sample Bibliograph y Entries Appendix D. Sample Bibliography Entries ———————– 1 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND IntroductionBackup refers to producing copies of data used as additional copies in case of a data loss event. Data restoration is the primary purpose of backup. Through the additional copies made during the backup, restoration of data is taken as a strategy in place of the lost data. Backups are typically the last line of defense against data loss and the most convenient to use. Since backup makes copy of data, data storage is also considered. Data storage can be with the use of a device such as CD-ROMs, hard drives and other storage media. Through proper organization of storage space, these data storages can be useful for making backups. . 0† APPROVAL SHEET The Independent Study in Information Technology entitled â€Å" iPad: Integrated Paperless Document Checking with Template-based Editor for Electronic Thesis † prepared and submitted by Cristielle Faith R. Adriano and Jelyn Y. Lopez in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science is hereby approved and accepted. Mr. Enrico P. Chavez Adviser Mr. Teodoro F. Revano Jr. Ms. Mary V. Acabo PanelistPanelist Mrs. Susan S. Caluya Lead Panelist Accepted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT).Ms. Ma. Gracia Corazon E. SicatMr. Jonathan M. Caballero ICT Project/ Research Coordinator CS Department Chair Dr. Charlemagne G. Lavina Dean, College of Information Technology Education RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION The thesis entitled â€Å"iPad: Integrated Paperless Document Checking with Template-based Editor for Electronic Thesis† prepared Cristielle Faith R. Adriano and Jelyn Y. Lopez in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science has been examined and is recommen ded for acceptance and approval for oral examination. Mr. Enrico P. ChavezAdviser DEDICATION G. R. H. and J. A. V. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT Cristielle Faith R. Adriano and Jelyn Y. Lopez ABSTRACT Adriano ,Cristielle Faith R. , Lopez, Jelyn Y. â€Å"A Development of Sales and Inventory System with Online Product Estimates Service for J. O. B. Auto Parts Supply†. Unpublished Thesis. Technological Institute of the Philippines. Arlegui, Manila. May 2009. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Approval Sheet Recommendation for Oral Examination Dedication Acknowledgement Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures CHAPTER I: The Problem and Its Background1 Introduction 1Background of the Study 1 Theoretical Framework3 Conceptual Framework4 Statement of the Problem6 Hypothesis7 Significance of the Study7 Scope and Limitation of the Study8 Definition of Terms9 CHAPTER II: Related Literature and Studies11 Related Literature11 Related Studies21 Synthesis24 CHAPTER III: Research Methodology26 Researc h Method26 Research Design28 Respondents of the Study31 Data Gathering Procedure32 Statistical Treatment 33 vii APPENDICES A Letter of Permission B Research Questionnaire C System Prototype D Curriculum Vitae viii LIST OF TABLESTable Number Table Description Page |1 |Respondents Matrix |32 | |2 |Likert’s Scale |35 | |3 |Frequency Result of Respondents |36 | |4 |Frequency Result of IT Office Staff Respondents |37 | |5 |Frequency Result of the Respondent’s Length of Years in the Position |38 | |6 |Frequency Result of theRespondent’s Primary Responsibility in their office’s |40 | | |files and documents | | |7 |Frequency Result of Respondents Make Back-up |42 | |8 |Frequency Result of Respondents Using Back-up Utility |42 | |9 |Frequency Result of the Respondents’ Familiarity on the Selected Existing |43 | | |Back-up Utilities | | |10 |Frequency Result of the Importance Rate of Back-up File |45 | |11 |Frequency Result of the Respondents’ Know ledge Rate |46 | |12 |Summary Result of the Online Back-up Utility on the Basic Capability Criteria |48 | |13 |Summary Result of the Online Back-up Utility on Performance Evaluation Criteria |50 | |14 |Difference Between the Means of the Manual Back-up Process and Online Back-up |52 | | |Utility on Functionality Criteria | | |15 |Difference Between the Means of the Manual Back-up Process and Online Back-up |54 | | |Utility on Reliability Criteria | | ix LIST OF FIGURES Figure Number Figure Description Page |1 |Research Paradigm |5 | |2 |Research Design |28 | |3 |Frequency Result of IT Office Staff Respondents |38 |4 |Frequency Result of the Respondent’s Length of Years in the Position |39 | |5 |Frequency Result of the Respondent’s Primary Responsibility in their office’s |41 | | |files and documents | | |6 |Frequency Result of the Respondents’ Familiarity to the Selected Existing |44 | | |Back-up Utilities | | |7 |Frequency Result Frequency Result of the Importance Rate of Back-up File |45 | |8 |Frequency Result of the Respondent’s Back-up Files and Process Knowledge Rate |47 | |9 |Summary Result of the Online Back-up Utility on the Basic Capability Criteria |49 | |10 |Summary Result of the Online Back-up Utility on Performance Evaluation Criteria|51 | |11 |The t-Distribution of the Differences Sample Means of the Manual Back-up |53 | | |Process and Online Back-up Utility on Functionality Criteria | | |12 |The t-Distribution of the Differences Sample Means of the Manual Back-up |55 | | |Process and Online Back-up Utility on Reliability Criteria | | |13 |The t-Distribution of the Differences Sample Means of the Manual Back-up |56 | | |Process and Online Back-up Utility on Availability Criteria | | x iv Book Okuda, M. , & Okuda, D. 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